神经解剖学教学课件 03 Spinal Nerves.pdfVIP

Spinal nerves ? 31 pairs arise from spinal cord ? Five groups correspond to regions of spinal cord and vertebrae – Cervical 8 pr. – Thoracic 12 pr. – Lumbar 5 pr. – Sacral 5 pr. – Coccygeal 1 pr. ? Peripheral nerves: sensory and motor divisions ? Sensory (afferent) – carry impulse to the CNS ? Motor (efferent) – carry impulses from CNS ? Mixed – sensory and motor fibers carry impulses to and from CNS; most common type of nerve ? Ganglion – cluster of cell bodies outside CNS 脊神经成分 1. 躯体运动纤维 骨骼肌 2. 内脏运动纤维 支配平 滑肌、心肌和腺体。 3. 躯体感觉纤维 分布于 皮肤、骨骼肌、肌腱和 关节，将痛、温、触、 压感觉和本体感觉传入 中枢。 4. 内脏感觉纤维 分布于 内脏、心血管和腺体， 将感觉冲动传入中枢。 Structure of a Nerve ? Bundle of axons ? Nerve fibers in PNS have myelin sheath ? Layers of connective tissue – Epineurium 外膜 – Perineurium 束膜 – Endoneurium 内膜 Structure of a Nerve Distal Branches ? Dorsal ramus – innervates skin of the back, muscles joints of its corresponding level ? Ventral ramus – innervates ventral lateral skin muscles of the trunk; also gives rise to nerves of limbs – Thoracic region – forms intercostal nerve ? Meningeal branch – reenters vertebral canal, innervates meninges, vertebrae, spinal ligaments ? Communicating rami Distal Branches Structure of a spinal nerve ? Tree analogy ? Dorsal root ventral root fuse lateral to dorsal root ganglion ? Whole nerve trunk lies in intervertebral foramen Structure of a spinal nerve ? Branches ? Dorsal ramus ? Ventral ramus ? Communicating rami to sympathetic chain ganglion (ANS) Spinal Nerve Plexuses Spinal Nerve Plexuses ? Ventral rami of spinal nerves fuse and form networks with ventral rami of other spinal nerves. – Crossing of fibers ? A peripheral nerve may contain axons from several spinal segments. ? T2 – T12 do not form plexuses Spinal Nerve Plexuses ? Cervical plexus ? Brachial plexus ? Lumbar plexus ? Sacral plexus Cervical plexus ? C1 – C4 (+ C5) – cutaneous nerves, mostly sensory from skin of neck back of head – Phrenic nerve to diaphragm ? Motor stimulation for breathing! 膈神经（C 3 –5 ） 运