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Contact time at impact of spheres on large thin plates.pdf
Advanced Powder Technology 27 (2016) 1233–1243
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Advanced Powder Technology
journal homepage: /locate/apt
Original Research Paper
Contact time at impact of spheres on large thin plates
Peter Müller ?, Ronny B?ttcher, Alexander Russell, Michael Trüe, Sergej Aman, Jürgen Tomas
Mechanical Process Engineering, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Universit?tsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
article info
Article history: Received 24 December 2015 Received in revised form 30 March 2016 Accepted 14 April 2016 Available online 23 April 2016
Keywords: Coef?cient of restitution Collisions Contact time Elastic waves Impact
abstract
Using a free-fall apparatus, the low-velocity impact behavior of steel spheres impacting on large thin glass plates had been experimentally measured. The impact and rebound velocities had been determined from the time interval between consecutive impacts and thereby the coef?cient of restitution (CoR) had been evaluated. The contact time had been measured from the transmitted current during contact of the sphere (soldered with a very thin ?exible conductive wire) and the plate (coated with a thin conductive layer) when a closed circuit is created. The in?uences of the impact velocity, the sphere size and the plate thickness on the impact behavior had been investigated.
The measurement values had been compared with the theoretical predictions of the Hertz and the Zener models. Thereby, a detailed discussion is presented about the inadequacy of the Hertz model to accurately predict the contact time (in comparison to the better applicable Zener model) for a sphere impacting on an in?nitely extended elastic plate of ?nite thickness, where longitudinal and transversal waves can propagate and travel several times (below the contact area) through the plate within the contact time whereby ?exural waves arise. Similarly, the limitations of the Zener model such as the overestimations of the CoR (due of negligence
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