第三章增词法、重复法和省略法.docVIP

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第三章增词法、重复法和省略法.doc

第三章 增词法、重复法和省略法 教学目的:让学生能在英汉翻译时使用增词法、重复法和省略法 重点、难点:增词法、重复法 方法:讲解、提问、讨论 教学步骤: 有些词语在英语中使用比较广泛(如关联词、代词)或者不能随便省略(如冠词、虚词it、联系动词等),而在汉语却使用较少或可以省略;有些词语在汉语中使用比较广泛(如范畴词、量词、语气助词等)而在英语中却可以省略或较少使用。 (-)增减关联词 由于汉语意合句多,不强调形式上的完整,只要不妨碍意义的表达,即可省去形式上的东西,英语形合句多,注重把各种关系用语言形式表达出来。所以在汉译英时往往需要增补必要的关联词(连词、介词等);在英译汉时则往往可以省去这些关联词。 (1)传统的出口商品丰富多彩。 (2)他在中国工作了一年,然后就回日本去了。 (3)好事不出门,坏事传千里。 The array of the traditional products for export are rich and colorful. He worked in China for one year,and then he returned to Japan. A good thing is known only within ones family,but a bad thing is known far and wide. (4)留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。 (5)我通宵没睡,非常疲倦。 (6)人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青。 As long as the green mountains remain, one neednt worry about fire-wood. I was fatigued because I had sat up all night. An death befalls all men alike,I‘ll keep a loyal heart to make a name in history. (7)空气很轻,也具有重量。 (8)公共场合不准抽烟。 (9)这屋子冬暖夏凉。 (10)我们早 8点上班。 Air has weight,though it is very light. Smoking is not allowed in public places. This room is warm in winter and cool in summer. We go to work at 8 in the morning (11) If I had known this beforehand,I would not have gone back. 早知如此,我就不回去了。 (12) Will you call as soon as you can conveniently spare a moment? 可否请你有空就来一下? (13) Take the whole into consideration,but do the job bit by bit. 大处着眼,小处着手。 (14) As it was getting very late,we soon turned back. 天很晚了,我们马上就回来了。 (15) The soft can overcome the hard,and the weak can defeat me strong. 柔能克刚,弱能制强。 (16)He will not leave until his business is concluded. 他不把事办完是不会走的。 (17)The Spring Festival is celebrated joyfully in all parts of the country. 全国各地都在欢度春节。 (18)Most substances expand on heating and contrast on cooling. 大多数物质都热胀冷缩。 (19)In whiter,it is much colder in the north than it is in the south.冬天,北方比南方冷得多。 (20)The force due to gravitation causes objects to have weight. 地心引力使物体具有重量。 (二)增减代词 英语中为了避免重复名词,往往使用代词,特别是人称代词和物主代词的使用极为广泛;而汉语中却使用代词较少,只要不妨碍意义的表达,往往要把代词省去。所以英译汉时往往可以省略代词(或把代词改换为名词);汉译英时则往往需要增补必要的代词。 (1)那位老人把手插在口袋里

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