Unit 2 My New Teachers定语从句(外研版必修1）.docVIP

一、基本概念 （一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。???关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,?which,?who,?whom,?whose,?as等；关系副词有when,?where,?why等。?????关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：?The?man?who?is?shaking?hands?with?my?father?is?a?policeman.??该句中，who?is??shaking?hands?with?my?father?是定语从句，修饰先行词the?man，?“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the?man，在定语从句中作主语。 （一）基本用法 根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。 如下表：[来源:金太阳新课标资源网 HTTP://WX.JTYJY.COM/] 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who[来源:金太阳新课标资源网 HTTP://WX.JTYJY.COM/] 人 主语，宾语[来源: /] Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?[来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K][来源:学|科|网] whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略 例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） ① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语） ②The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语） ③ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语） 注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例②） 2．Whose??通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I?visited?a?scientist?whose?name?is?known?all?over?the?country.?我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。I?once?lived?in?the?house?whose?roof?has?fallen?in.???我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： 三、介词前提的问题:关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。 Eg: Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with的宾语） →Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是： (1)介词提前后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。 ⑵ 介词提前后，关系