动词不定式_151693.doc

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动词不定式_151693.doc

介绍   动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性。   动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语,其形式如下: (1)语态   如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:   Its a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party.(不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请)   It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)   I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)   Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)   He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)   在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.) (2)时态   1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。   He seems to know this.   I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. 我希望再见到你。   2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。   Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.   He seems to have caught a cold.   3) 进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。   He seems to be eating something.   4) 完成进行时:   She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.   一般在情绪后加to do to do 也表将来 疑问词+不定式结构   疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如:   ①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语)   ②Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语)   ③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接宾语)   ④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语)   以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I   could learn…   经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。 语法功能 一、作主语   动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:   (1)把不定式置于句首。如:   To get there by bike will take us half an hour.   (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:   ①It+be+名词+to do   Its our duty to take good care of the old.   ②It takes sb+some time+to do   How long did it take you to finish the work?

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