Disk Average Seek Time.pptVIP

Disk Average Seek Time Disk Scheduling * Multi-platter Disk platter Disk read/write arm read/write head Multi-platter Disk track cylinder sector measures the amount of time required for the read/write heads to move between tracks over the surface of the platters Seek Time Average Seek Time = 0.0 ms 0.8 ms platter After the read/write arm has picked the right track, the time it takes for the requested sector (on that track) to come under the read/write head Rotational delay 0.0 ms 0.2 ms read/write arm platter Avg. seek time = Avg. Rotation latency / rotational delay = latency halfway around the disk Transfer time = the time it takes to transfer a block of bits, typically a sector, under the read/write head - Function of the size, rotational speed, recording density of a track, speed of electronics connecting disk to computer Controller Overhead time = the overhead the controller imposes in performing I/O access Other measurements Example taken from: Computer architecture by J. Hennessy and D. Patterson What is avg. time to read or write (access time) a 512-byte sector for a typical disk? Avg. seek time (ST) = 5ms Transfer time (TT) = 40 MB/sec Rotational delay (RD) = 10,000 RPM Controller overhead (CO) = 0.1 ms Assume the disk is idle and so no queuing delay dat = ST + RD + TT + CO = 5ms + (0.5/10,000 rpm) + (0.5KB/40.0 MB/sec) + 0.1 ms = 5.0 + 3.0 +0.013 + 0.1 = 8.11 ms Assuming the measured seek time is 33% of the calculated average. So we obtain: dat = 1.67 ms + 3.0 ms + 0.013 ms + 0.1 ms = 4.783 ms Note that 0.013/4.783 = 0.3% is the disk transferring data in this example Disk Scheduling Access Time: seek time + rotational delay + transfer time + controller overhead Transfer Time: time to copy the block to and from the disk Disk Bandwidth: total number of bytes transferred, divided by the total time between the first request for service and the completion of the last transfer Seek Time: the for the disk arm to move the heads to the cylinder conta