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Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distances to NGC 4214, UGC 685, and UGC 5456.pdf

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Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distances to NGC 4214, UGC 685, and UGC 5456

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 1 1 1 3 7 2 v 1 2 0 N o v 2 0 0 1 Submitted to the Astronomical Journal Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distances to NGC 4214, UGC 685, and UGC 54561 Jesu?s Ma??z-Apella?niz2, Lucas Cieza3, and John W. MacKenty2 ABSTRACT We have used WFPC2 V RI observations to calculate the distances to three nearby galaxies, NGC 4214, UGC 685, and UGC 5456 using the tip of the red giant branch method. Our values for NGC 4214 (2.94 ± 0.18 Mpc) and UGC 685 (4.79 ± 0.30 Mpc) are the most precise measurementes of the distances to these objects ever made. For UGC 5456 the data do not allow us to reach a decisive conclusion since there are two possible solutions, one leading towards a short distance around 3.8 Mpc and another one towards a long distance of 5.6 Mpc or more. Subject headings: galaxies: distances and redshift — galaxies: individual (NGC 4214, UGC 685, UGC 5456) — galaxies: irregular — galaxies: stellar content 1. INTRODUCTION In the last decade, the measurement of the tip of the red giant branch (or TRGB) has become a reliable method for measuring distances to galaxies with resolved stellar populations (Lee et al. 1993). This has been posible thanks to the very weak dependence of the absolute magnitude of the TRGB on metallicity (Da Costa Armandroff 1990; Bellazini et al. 2001). Another advantage of this method (as opposed to the use of variable stars such as Cepheids or RR Lyrae) is that only a single epoch is needed to estimate the distance, considerably reducing the amount of observing time required and avoiding scheduling problems. Its robustness has been recently tested by obtaining consistent distances to the SMC, LMC, and IC 1613 using four different methods: Cepheids, RR Lyrae, red clump, and TRGB (Dolphin et al. 2001b). The use of HST/WFPC2 data allows the measurement of distances up to ≈ 5 Mpc with a single orbit using the TRGB (Karachentsev et al. 1Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained at the Spa