Topic - Protection.pdfVIP

Topic: Protection Dr C.Y. Chung Tel: Email: eecychun@polyu.edu.hk R CF613 EE D t t P l Uoom , epar men , o y 1 Introduction ?The purpose of protective relays and relaying systems is to operate the correct circuit breakers so as to disconnect only th f lt i t f th t i kle au y equ pmen rom e sys em as qu c y as possible, thus minimising the trouble and damage caused by faults when they do occur . ?Fault calculation – As a rough estimation, fault current is approximately 10 to 20 times normal full load current. To understand the relay performance, you must know how severe is the fault. Fault calculation, mostly symmetrical f lt id d ith th k l d f t i l f lt iau , a e w e now e ge o unsymme r ca au s required. This knowledge is required to find out the condition at the relaying point under fault conditions, for example, voltage at relaying point and current passing through relays. Based on this you can deduce what the 2relay will see. ?Distribution network protection – Distribution network covers a large area from customers to the infeed from the transmission system. Due to the large quantity of i t t b d it t b i d tequ pmen o e use , mus e econom c an ye effective. Distribution network protection topics that will be covered includes fuses, overcurrent and earth fault protection, and directional protection. ?Transmission network protection – Transmission network transmits energy to various areas. Unnecessary cut off of transmission lines or unclear faults in the line due to protection mal operation can lead to system unstable and - possible system collapse. It is therefore necessary to ensure that protection will behave correctly. Studies will include distance protection and differential protection that are mostly used to protect transmission lines, busbars and 3generators. Possible interruption and damage due to uncleared fault ?damage to the equipment causing destruction and fire; ?e