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A unified description of the asymmetric q-P_{v} and d-P_{iv} equations and their Schlesinge.pdf

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A unified description of the asymmetric q-P_{v} and d-P_{iv} equations and their Schlesinge

a r X i v : n l i n / 0 3 1 0 0 5 0 v 1 [ n l i n .S I ] 3 1 O c t 2 0 0 3 Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics Volume 10, Number 2 (2003), 215–228 Article A Unified Description of the Asymmetric q-PV and d-PIV Equations and their Schlesinger Transformations B GRAMMATICOS ? 1 , A RAMANI ? 2 and Y OHTA ? 3 ?1 GMPIB, Universite? Paris VII, Tour 24-14, 5ee?tage, case 7021, 75251 Paris, France ?2 CPT, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, UMR 7644, 91128 Palaiseau, France ?3 Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan Received July 3, 2002; Revised September 27, 2002; Accepted October 1, 2002 Abstract We present a geometric description, based on the affine Weyl group E (1) 6 , of two discrete analogues of the Painleve? VI equation, known as the asymmetric q-PV and asymmetric d-PIV. This approach allows us to describe in a unified way the evolution of the mapping along the independent variable and along the various parameters (the latter evolution being the one induced by the Schlesinger transformations). It turns out that both discrete Painleve? equations exhibit the property of self-duality: the same equation governs the evolution along any direction in the space of E (1) 6 . 1 Introduction The study of integrable discrete systems has revealed the most interesting fact that these systems present many common points with their continuous counterparts. One of these points was the role played by singularities in discrete integrability [1]. By examining the singularities of a given mapping, and requesting that those which appear spontaneously do not propagate ad infinitum, we were able to derive the discrete analogue of the Painleve? equations [2]. Painleve? equations were introduced one century ago in order to extend to the nonlinear domain the notion of special function defined by a differential equation. The Painleve? transcendents were discovered in that way. Discrete forms of the