研究設计之测量.pptVIP

研究设计之测量 School of Public Administration Policy Dr. Kaifeng Yang Issues 概念操作化 概念化 指标化 测量的层次 复合指数测量 测量的好坏：效度与信度 提高效度与信度的途径 概念操作化 沟通绩效? 目标清晰度? 例子 沟通绩效? 目标清晰度? 从名义/概念定义到操作定义 Nominal (Conceptual) Definition A definition that is simply assigned to a term without any claim that the definition represents a “real” entity. It is A) defined by others; b) what it is vs. what it is not; c) shared; d) realistic and sensible. Operational (Working) Definition Specifies precisely how a concept will be measured 菜谱 概念化 The process … we specify what we mean when we use particular terms. It involves describing the essential features of the terms. Sometimes, it involves indicators we’ll be using to measure our concept and the different aspects of the concept (dimensions). Indicator(指标): a sign of the presence or absence of the concept Dimension (纬度/变量): a specifiable aspect of a concept 爱？ 指标化: Political Alienation Conceptualization Defining the concept Nominal Definition (Variables) Operational Definition (Indicators) Instrumentation Political distrust, powerlessness, and meaninglessness Political Distrust: the general feeling that government is no longer of the people, by the people, and for the people Indicators are responses to the following questions: Do you think that quite a few of the people running the government are a little crooked, not very many are, or do you think that hardly any are crook at all? How much of the time do you think you can trust the government to do what is right? Would you say that the government is pretty much run by a few big interests looking out for themselves or that it is run for the benefit of all people? General Social Survey, 2000, National Opinion Research Theory abstract Data Concrete 指标化：Other Examples Literacy: The completion of six years of formal education Those nations in which at least 50 percent of the population has had six years of formal education, as indicated in a publication of the United Nations Democ