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Extrasolar planet detection by binary stellar eclipse timing evidence for a third body arou.pdf

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Extrasolar planet detection by binary stellar eclipse timing evidence for a third body arou

a r X i v : 0 8 0 1 .2 1 8 6 v 3 [ a s t r o - p h ] 1 3 F e b 2 0 0 8 Astronomy Astrophysics manuscript no. CMDraOCxV3 c? ESO 2008 February 13, 2008 Extrasolar planet detection by binary stellar eclipse timing: evidence for a third body around CM Draconis H. J. Deeg1, B. Ocan?a1,2, V. P. Kozhevnikov3, D. Charbonneau4, F. T. O’Donovan5, and L.R. Doyle6 1 Instituto de Astrof??sica de Canarias, C. Via Lactea S/N, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 2 Instituto de Radio Astronom??a Milime?trica (IRAM), Av. Divina Pastora 7, Nu?cleo Central, 18012 Granada, Spain 3 Astronomical Observatory, Ural State University, Lenin ave. 51, Ekaterinburg, 620083, Russia 4 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 5 California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 6 SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA e-mail: hdeeg@iac.es Received 6 Nov. 2007; accepted 28 Dec. 2007 ABSTRACT Context. New eclipse minimum timings of the M4.5/M4.5 binary CM Dra were obtained between the years 2000 and 2007. In combination with published timings going back to 1977, a clear non-linearity in observed-minus-calculated (O-C) times has become apparent. Several models are applied to explain the observed timing behavior. Aims. Revealing the processes that cause the observed O-C behavior, and testing the evidence for a third body around the CM Dra system. Methods. The O-C times of the system were fitted against several functions, representing different physical origins of the timing variations. Results. An analysis using model-selection statistics gives about equal weight to a parabolic and to a sinusoidal fitting function. Attraction from a third body, either at large distance in a quasi-constant constellation across the years of observations or from a body on a shorter orbit generating periodicities in O-C times is the most likely source of the observed O-C times. The white dwarf GJ 630.1B, a proper