Frequency Response 2.pdfVIP

03/03/2011 1 Asymptotic Approximations to Bode plots Log-magnitude and phase frequency response curves can be plotted As a function of ω, called ‘Bode Plots’. Sketching bode plots can be simplified by approximating the curve as a sequence of straight lines known as an ‘asymptotic approximation’. Straight-line approximations will simplify our later evaluation of the system frequency response. Plotting an Asymptotic Approximation We will plot an asymptotic approximation of the 1st-order system we have already encountered: 2 1 +s 2 1 )( + = ω ω j jG Substitute s for jω: 03/03/2011 2 First we will plot the magnitude plot: 5.0 2 1 20 1 )0( == + = j jG dBdBG 6)5.0(log20)( 10 ?== To start the plot we must find the low-frequency magnitude at ω = 0: We must convert this gain* to decibels: *Note: Magnitude is often called ‘Gain’ and the plot often called a ‘Gain Plot’ We know now that the first asymptote will be a horizontal line at 6dB. But when does it begin to slope? We need to look for system ‘break frequencies’ or ‘corner frequencies’. 2 1 )( + = ω ω j jG To determine the systems break frequencies we examine the transfer function: Break on denominator This system only has 1 break frequency at 2 rad/s Other systems may have many break frequencies. A break frequency on the denominator indicates a -20dB/decade slope in magnitude/gain, beginning at the break A break frequency on the numerator indicates a +20dB/decade slope in magnitude/gain, beginning at the break No breaks in the denominator, no jω terms 03/03/2011 3 Now we know that out magnitude(gain) plot starts at -6dB and attenuates at -20dB/decade at a break frequency of 2 rad/s Now we can plot the straight line asymptotes: - 6 dB until 2 rad/s 20 dB 1 decade (2 to 20 rad/s) We can see that the asymptotic approximation is very close to the actual Magnitude frequency response of the system. Asymptotic magnitude Actual magnitude 03/03/2011 4 Now we will plot the phase plot: A break frequency on the denominator i