frequency synthesizer lect 1.pdfVIP

1 RF ICsFrequency Synthesizers PLL Locking Time Settling time when the PLL jumps from one frequency to another Frequency jump distance Settling accuracy criterion First-order, type-1 PLL example (?fref) Assume fref jumps from f0 to f0 + ?f ? Assume ωp = 2π×20 kHz and setting error 0.001×N×?f Locking time -ln(0.001) / 2π / 20e3 ≈ 55 μs lflf KsG =)( N KKK sf s Nsf vcolfpdpref p LO ?? =? + = ω ω where)( /1 )( s fsftufftf refref ? =????+= )()()( 0 )()1()( )/1( )( tufNetf ss fNsf tLO p LO p ?????=?? +? ?? =? ?ω ω 2 RF ICsFrequency Synthesizers PLL Locking Time First-order, type-1 PLL example (?N) Assume N jumps from N0 to N0 + ?N0 ? Assume ωp = 2π×20 kHz and setting error 0.001×fref×?N Locking time -ln(0.001) / 2π / 20e3 ≈ 55 μs )( where /1 )( )( sN KKK s sNf sf vcolfpdp p ref LO ?? = + ? = ω ω 0 00Assume N KKK NN vcolfpdp ?? ≈?? ω )()1()( 0 tuNfetf ref t LO p ?????≈? ?ω s NsNtuNNtN 000 )()()( ? =????+= 3 RF ICsFrequency Synthesizers Charge-Pump PLL Locking Time Phase detector nonlinearity Ideal phase detector PFD + charge pump Effective Kpd ↓ as ?θ ↑ when |?θ| 2π ωp ↓ as ?θ ↑ when |?θ| 2π Locking time ↑ θ iCP 2π ?2π Ideal curve Real curve Icp0 -Icp0 π θ 2 ))()(()( ??=??= ∫ ∫ pddivrefpdCP KdttfdttfKti π θ 2 )( ??= pdCP Kti πθπ 22if ?? )1 2 ()( ???= π θ pdCP Kti πθπ 42if ? M M 4 RF ICsFrequency Synthesizers Charge-Pump PLL Locking Time Phase detector nonlinearity Assume fref = 9/8 × fdiv ? Tdiv - Tref = 1/8 × Tref fref fdiv UP DN iCP Tref/8 2Tref/8 8Tref/8 9Tref 7Tref/8 00 8 1 2 1 9 8 cpcp ref i ref CP IIT Ti i ?=? ? ? = ∑ = 5 RF ICsFrequency Synthesizers Charge-Pump PLL Locking Time Second-order, type-2 PLL example (?fLO) When fdiv is far from fref When fdiv is near fref Use one-pole system approximation 02 1 cpCP Ii ?≈ z zzvcocp LO z zz lf Cs CsRKI sf sC CsRsG 2 0 2 )1( )(1)( ? +?? ≈?? + = )()( 2 )( 0 tuR C tKItf z z vcocp LO ?+? ? =? )( )1( )( 1)( 2 00 0 zzzvcocpvcocp zzvcocp LO z zz lf CsNCsRKIKIs CsRKIN sf sC CsRsG ?+??+?? +??