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Nonextensive thermodynamics of the two-site Hubbard model
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1
Nonextensive thermodynamics of the two-site Hubbard model
Hideo Hasegawa 1
Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University
Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
(January 1, 2005)
Abstract
Thermodynamical properties of canonical and grand-canonical ensembles of the half-filled
two-site Hubbard model have been discussed within the framework of the nonextensive
statistics (NES). For relating the physical temperature T to the Lagrange multiplier β,
two methods have been adopted: T = 1/kBβ in the method A [Tsallis et al. Physica A
261 (1998) 534], and T = cq/kBβ in the method B [Abe et al. Phys. Lett. A 281 (2001)
126], where kB denotes the Boltzman constant, cq =
∑
i p
q
i , pi the probability distribution
of the ith state, and q the entropic index. Temperature dependences of specific heat and
magnetic susceptibility have been calculated for 1
= q
= 2, the conventional Boltzman-
Gibbs statistics being recovered in the limit of q = 1. The Curie constant Γq of the
susceptibility in the atomic and low-temperature limits (t/U → 0, T/U → 0) is shown
to be given by Γq = 2 q 2
2(q?1) in the method A, and Γq = 2 q in the method B, where t
stands for electron hoppings and U intra-atomic interaction in the Hubbard model. These
expressions for Γq are shown to agree with the results of a free spin model which has been
studied also by the NES with the methods A and B. A comparison has been made between
the results for canonical and grand-canonical ensembles of the model.
PACS No.05.30.-d, 05.90.+m,71.10.Fd,73.22.-f
Keywords nonextensive statistics, Hubbard model
Corresponding Author
Hideo Hasegawa
Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University
4-1-1 Nukui-kita machi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
1e-mail: hasegawa@u-gakugei.ac.jp
Phone: 042-329-7482, Fax: 042-329-7491
e-mail: hasegawa@u-gakugei.ac.jp
2
1 INTRODUCTION
In the last several years, there is an increased interes
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