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On the nonextensive character of some magnetic systems.pdf

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On the nonextensive character of some magnetic systems

a r X i v : 0 7 0 9 .1 6 2 8 v 2 [ c o n d - m a t .s t a t - m e c h ] 1 8 D e c 2 0 0 7 On the nonextensive character of some magnetic systems D. O. Soares-Pinto ?,? , M. S. Reis ? , R. S. Sarthour ? and I. S. Oliveira ? ? Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ? CICECO, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal Abstract. During the past few years, nonextensive statistics has been successfully applied to explain many different kinds of systems. Through these studies some interpretations of the entropic parameter q, which has major role in this statistics, in terms of physical quantities have been obtained. The aim of the present work is to yield an overview of the applications of nonextensive statistics to complex problems such as inhomogeneous magnetic systems. Keywords: Nonextensive statistics, magnetic systems PACS: 05.70.Ce, 75.10.-b INTRODUCTION The Nonextensive statistics attempts to handle some anomalies that appear in physical problems which are not completely described by the usual Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. Its applications run through different systems; magnetic systems are just one of them. In this work we show that Nonextensive statistics, due to the agreement between theoretical models and experiments, is a interesting alternative to first principle models to the study of complex magnetic systems. NONEXTENSIVE STATISTICS OF MAGNETIC SYSTEMS The Tsallis generalized statistics, or Nonextensive statistics, is based on the definition of the generalized entropy Sq = k (1?Tr{ρ?q})/(q?1), where k is a positive constant, q ∈ ? is the entropic parameter and ρ? is the density operator. This entropy functional recovers the Boltzmann-Gibbs one on the limit q = 1 (q → 1). From the maximization of this entropy functional, under a correct q-normalized constraint [1], is straightforward to express the density operator as ρ? = [ 1? (1?q)βH? ] 1/(1?q) /Zq, in which Zq is the nonextensive p