Modeling Evolution of Resistance to Pyrip roxyfen by the Sweetpotato Whitefly (Homo ptera.pdfVIP

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Modeling Evolution of Resistance to Pyrip roxyfen by the Sweetpotato Whitefly (Homo ptera.pdf

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Modeling Evolution of Resistance to Pyrip roxyfen by the Sweetpotato Whitefly (Homo ptera

INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT Modeling Evolution of Resistance to Pyriproxyfen by the Sweetpotato Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) DAVID W. CROWDER,1 YVES CARRIE?RE,1 BRUCE E. TABASHNIK,1 PETER C. ELLSWORTH,1, 2 AND TIMOTHY J. DENNEHY1 J. Econ. Entomol. 99(4): 1396D1406 (2006) ABSTRACT We used computer simulations to examine evolution of resistance to the insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen by the sweetpotato white?y, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), biotype B [Bemisia argentifolii (BellowsPerring)]. Consistent with trends seen in cotton (Gossipyium spp.) Telds in Arizona and Israel, results suggest that evolution of resistance to pyriproxyfen may occur rapidly in this haplodiploid insect. Similar to results frommodels of diploid insects, resistance evolved faster with increases in toxin concentration, dominance of resistance in females, the initial frequency of the resistance allele, and the proportion of the region treated with pyriproxyfen. Resistance was delayed by Ttness costs associated with resistance. Movement between treated and untreated cotton Telds had little effect, probably because untreated cotton leaves provided internal refuges in treated Telds and white?ies were controlled with other insecticides in external refuges. Resistance evolved faster when susceptibility to pyriproxyfen was greater in susceptible males than susceptible females. In contrast, resistance evolved slower when susceptibility to pyriproxyfen was greater in resistant males than resistant females. Results suggest that growers may be able to prolong the usefulness of pyriproxyfen by applying lower toxin concentrations and promoting susceptible populations in refuges. KEY WORDS Bemisia tabaci, modeling, pyriproxyfen, resistance management, haplodiploid The sweetpotato white?y, Bemisia tabaci (Genna- dius), is one of theworld?smost destructive crop pests (Byrne and Bellows 1991, Perring et al. 1993, Bedford et al. 1994, Brown et al. 1995, Viscaret et al. 2003). B