吴卫辉《微生物遗传学》Chapter Four Bacteriaophages.pdfVIP

Chapter Four Virus ? A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. ? Infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea Virus ? Bacteriophages ? Human Viruses The Baltimore Classification of viruses is based on the method of viral mRNA synthesis Bacteriophages ? Structure – Capsid (Head) – Tail ? Different Ranges ? Different in Sizes (diameter between 20 and 300 nanometers ) ? Plaques Bacteriophages 1. Lytic Bacteriophages A. The Bacteriophage Lytic Development Cycle B. Phage DNA Replication C. Generalized Transduction 2. Lysogenic Bacteriophages A. Phage λ B. Lysogeny C. Specialized Transduction D. Lysogenic Conversion and Bacterial Pathogenesis ? Life Cycle (Video) 1. Lytic Bacteriophages Genetic map of phage T7 Antiholin Holin Lysozyme Q1 Replication of Phage T7 DNA (Double strand DNA) Assembly of a phage (Headful Mechanism) Video Q2 Phage M13 (Single stranded DNA) Replication of Phage M13 DNA RF: Replicative-form Assembly of Phage M13 Generalized Transduction ? Transducing Phages ? Transducing Particles ? Donor strain ? Recipient strain ? Transductants ? A Transducing Phage – Does not degrade the host DNA completely – Less specific in packaging – “Headful Mechanism” – Broad host range Video ? Lysogen-forming or Temperate Phages ? Prophage ? Lysogen –λLysogen 2. Lysogenic Bacteriophages Bacteriophages Life Cycle (Lytic AND Lysogenic) Replication of λ phage DNA Genetic Map of λ Phage Lytic or Lysogenic Cycle Integration of λ DNA into the Chromosome of E.coli Induction of λ phage Specialized Transduction ? Only the bacterial genes close to the attachment site of the prophage can be transduced ? Carries both Bacterial and Phage Genes Q3 Lysogenic Conversion and Bacterial Pathogenesis ? E.coli O157:H7 – Dysentery – Shiga-like toxin Phage Φ 361 Human Pathogenic Virus ? Influenza Virus – Flu (Common cold is caused by rhinoviruses ) ? HIV (Human immunodeficiency vir