运营管理2考试习题.doc

一、Determining the capacity level （确定能力水平）expanding the capacity P287-288 1、Cost of waiting is known等待成本已知 ①：算一个总的成本MC（including the equipment， human resource） ②：再算受影响的顾客 affected number of Customers ③：算一个收益MB（用受影响的顾客*所获得的时间*等待成本） ④：比较MC和MB（MCMB，it’s worthwhile expanding） 例题：1)For a service station, they want to increase an additional equipment to increase efficiency. An additional equipment requires an investment of $100000,assume useful life to be 5 years. An operator must be hired to run the equipment and paid $15 per hour. Assume the additional equipment is operated from 8:00am to 10:00am and also from 5:00pm to 7:00pm in the whole year, and it works 5 days a week. Assume every month has 3.5 weeks. Because of it, the average waiting time per customer will drop from 45min to 15min or a gain of 30min,and will affect 20.5 customers per hour. If we assume that the value of waiting for the customer is $4.5 per hour. So is it worthwhile expanding the capacity to one more equipment? Why? 答案：Calculate the total cost of the whole year: ($15*4hours *5days *3.5weeks*12mouth )+($100000/5years)=$32600 the total number of customers affect : 20.5customer*4hours*5days*3.5weeks*12=17220customers The increased value for customer (or saved value for customer): 17220customers*30min/60min*$4.5=$38745 $38745$32600 so it’s worthwhile expanding one equipment. 2、Cost of waiting is not known等待成本未知 P290 a= marginal cost of capacity expansion 总成本 b= cost of waiting per time unit and per customer 等候成本 ?w = the marginal reduction of average waiting time per customer赚取的时间 N = total number of customers whose average waiting time will be reduced over the time horizon considered所受影响的顾客 If b, then the expanding is worthwhile If b, then the expanding isn’t worthwhile （上面那道题改成等待成本未知） 二、Customer is turned away（打发顾客）to calculate the optimal capacity P290 (其中Co表示每过剩一个单位的能力成本，Cs表示每短缺一个单位的能力成本)注意：①根据这个公式算出P（DC*）② 根据P（DC*）=1- P（DC*）算出得到一个数③ 根据，因为是服从正态分布，因此知道均值和标准差，再根据第二步算出的一个数查表找寻z值，最后得???x。 例题：McDonal