简单句的核心是“动宾”.docVIP

简单句的核心是“动宾” 清平初级中学 左登平 殊不知，语言的沟通交流是以句子为单位的，表情达意的载体是以一个一个句子的逻辑顺序交迭出现的，才能完成信息的提供和接收；任何简单的，无序的单词、短语都不能很好地传递信息，完成交际目的。然而，语言的特殊性告诉我们：同一句子，语音、语调发生变化，其语义也发生偏移；如：You mean one of you plays alone in front of everyone.(↘)与You mean one of you plays alone in front of everyone? (↗) 同一意思，也可用不同的语句来表现。“横穿马路时，要当心交通灯和过往的车辆。” While going across the street, you must look out for the traffic lights and the passing cars.也可以用从句来表达：If you go across the street, look out for the traffic lights and the passing cars. 初学英语者，在遣词造句上还是从读写简单句开始的，并列句、主从复合句等复杂句都以简单句为基础，而“动宾”结构是简单句的核心结构，因此，理解、会用“动宾”结构是关键中的关键。 一 ，结构特点: 主语+谓语[及物动词]+宾语（+状语） 【题外话：我们初中生，有的三年下来连一个单词的基本词性都难以弄清，更不用说对句子成分进行划分了，主谓宾定状补，陌生到无从说起，有机会另行浅文，共同探讨】 二 典型例句 1，I bought a very good book (yesterday). 2，My father loves pictures of cars. 3，My mother prepares breakfast (for me every day). 4，He wrote a book (in senior high school). 三 ,分析拓展: 1，此四句信手拈来I /My father/My mother/He为名词、代词作主语；bought / prepares/loves /wrote为及物动词作谓语；a very good book/ pictures of cars /breakfast/a book为名词（代词）作宾语。（而yesterday/ for me every day /in senior high school为状语暂不论） 2，如果把以上四句写成I bought yesterday./My father loves./ My mother prepares for me every day./ He wrote in senior high school.则这四句为：主语+谓语[不及物动词]（+状语）结构，即非“主谓宾”结构了。 【比较这两种简单句结构可见，“主谓宾”结构中的谓语一定要是及物动词，也就是说“动宾”结构一定要有宾语】 3，初中英语语法体系中，要求学生掌握的“及物动词+宾语”现象，有以下几种情况： 1）及物动词+名词 He helps the workers. The teenagers knew the police. 2）及物动词+代词 We look after her at weekends. The teacher told us. 3）及物动词+（to）do We decide to start an English student newspaper. He agreed to join the group. 4) 及物动词+doing Tony loves watching sports. She hates writing about the weather. 5) 及物动词+人+物 My aunt sent me a box of chocolate. (My aunt sent a box of chocolate to me.) His hobby has brought him enjoyment. (His hobby has brought enjoyment. to him.) 6）及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 We can help you develop new skills. The news made everyone happy. 【宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即把宾语改为主语后，用be或do去连接宾语补足语，符合逻辑You develop new skills.符合逻辑；Everyone is happy.符合逻辑】 7）及物动词+句子（宾语从句） I hope