Nitric oxide - Nitric oxide synthase system and fracture healing.doc

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9 Nitric oxide - Nitric oxide synthase system and fracture healing Keywords: Nitric oxide Of nitric oxide (nitric oxide, NO) is a nitric oxide synthase (nitric oxide sythase, NOS) oxidation under the action of a small molecule free radical gas. Because of its molecular weight is small, fat-soluble and chemical nature of the lively, leaving them vulnerable through the membrane is a cell, an important intracellular messenger molecule. Because of its ease of synthesis regulation, as a senior organisms, regulating the effective signal in the circulatory, respiratory, digestive and endocrine system and metabolism play an important role. In recent years, studies have found, NO-NOS system may play an important role in fracture healing. In this paper, NO-NOS system on fracture healing are reviewed. 1 NO synthesis in bone tissue NO from L-arginine (LArginine) oxidation pathway, rate-limiting enzyme NOS. Has confirmed the existence of bone tissue in all 3 NOS isoforms [1]. Neuronal (nNOS, NOS1) is a Ca2 / calmodulin (CaMP)-dependent, mainly in neurons and some epithelial cells. However, osteoclasts (osteoclast, OC) and osteoblasts (osteoblast, OB) was not found in vitro may be it comes from the distribution of blood vessels in the bone tissue in the nervous tissue membranes. Inducible (iNOS, NOS2) is not dependent on Ca2 / CaMP can be bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and or tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL1 induced expression, etc., mainly found in macrophages, astrocytes, in the neutrophils, endothelial cells and so on. Endothelial (eNOS, NOS3) is also a Ca2 + / CaMP dependent, particularly prevalent in the endothelial cells. OC and osteoclast precursor cells (osteoclast progenitor), OB and bone cell (osteocyte) are both expressed eNOS, but also expression of iNOS. In the bone micro-environment, many cells can produce NO, such as the OC, and osteoblasts (osteoeyte). However, the synthesis of NO in the bone area w