第六章表界面化学反应与材料的制备.ppt

有机纤维增强树脂 Kevlar纤维的“皮-芯”结构模型图 皮层是刚性大分子链伸直呈现为棒状，紧密排列，沿轴向成纤维状结构；芯部沿轴向较松散排列的串晶聚集体组成。 UHMWPE、UHMPE、 UHSPE 相对分子质量： （1～5）×106 高度结晶、 高度取向 有机纤维不足之处 表面惰性，表面能低； 复合材料界面结合差，层间剪切强度低。 芳纶表面涂层聚氨酯弹性体 Kevlar纤维 弹性体 异氰酸酯 等离子处理时间对UHMWPE纤维ILSS的影响 处理时间（min） ILSS（MPa） 1 16.0 3 16.3 4 17.4 5 18.1 8 15.3 2) 表面接枝 化学接枝 芳纶在二甲亚砜溶剂中与NaH形成离子化物，再与RX反应 优点：辐照与接枝过程同时进行，操作比较简便。 缺点：体系在发生接枝聚合的同时也会发生单体的均聚反应，降低了接枝效率，而且生成的均聚物粘附在基材上，去除困难。 3) 辐照处理 Conductive Nanospheres of Polyaniline via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of 4-Vinylaniline and Oxidative Graft Copolymerization of Aniline Scheme Preparation of Conductive Poly(4-vinylaniline-graft-polyaniline), or P(VAn-g-PANI), Hollow Nanospheres via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) and Oxidative Graft Copolymerization (TEM) images of (a) the trichloro(4-chloromethylphenyl)silane-immobilized silica nanoparticles and the silica-graft-poly(4-vinylaniline-graft-polyaniline) [SiO2-g-P(VAn-g-PANI)1 nanospheres (b) before and (c) after HF etching. The insets in (c) are the TEM images of hollow nanospheres with different shell thickness, derived from (c) SiO2-g-P(VAn-gPANI)2 nanospheres Surfactant shapes and various self-assemblies in colloidal solution.a,Cone-shaped surfactant resulting in b, normal micelles. c,Champagne cork shaped surfactant resulting in d,reverse micelles with control of their size by the water content. e,Inter-connected linders. f. Planar lamellar phase. g, Onion-like lamellar phase. e 表面活性剂进行超微颗粒表面改性 The water content w= [H20]/[S] is related to the droplet radius by R(nm) = 0.15 ×w. A [AOT] = 0.1 M; [Cu(AOT)2] =10–2 M; [N2H4] = 2 ×10–2 M. a,Reverse micelles. b,Control of nanocrystal size with w,that is, control of the size of water-in-oil droplets. AOT. succinate 琥珀酸