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Computer simulations of blood flow with mass transport through the carotid artery bifurcation.doc

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Computer simulations of blood flow with mass transport through the carotid artery bifurcation

Theoret. Appl. Mech.,Vol.31,No.1,pp. 1-33,Belgrade2004 Computer simulations of blood ?ow with mass transport through the carotid artery bifurcation N.Filipovi′c M.Koji′c ? Abstract Thecurrentparadigmforclinicaldiagnosticforthetreatmentof vasculardiseasereliesexclusivelyondiagnosticimagingdatato de?ne the present state of the patient, empirical data to evalu- ate the e?cacy of prior treatments for similar patients. These techniques are insu?cient to predict the outcome of a given treatment for an individual patient. We here propose a new paradigmofpredictivemedicinewherephysiciancouldusecom- putational simulation to construct and evaluate a speci?c geo- metrical/anatomical model to predict the outcome for an indi- vidual patient. For this purpose it is necessary to develop a complexsoftwaresystemwhichcombinesuserfriendlyinterface, automaticsolidmodeling,automatic?nitemeshgeneration,com- putational?uiddynamicsandpost-processingvisualization. The?owdynamicsisde?nedaccordingtotheincompressible Navier-Stokes equations for Newtonian and non-Newtonian ?u- ids. Mass transport of oxygen and macromolecules is modeled by the convection di?usion equation and coupled with ?ow dy- namics. Thecomputersimulationsarebasedupon?niteelement analysis where the new computer methods for coupling oxygen transportand?uid?owaredescribed. Thecomparisonresultsshowsagoodagreementbetweenclin- ical observation for critical zones of ?ow separation, ?ow recir- culation, low wall shear stresses which may contribute to the developmentofatheroscleroticdiseases. ?FacultyofMechanicalEngineering,UniversityofKragujevac,Kragujevac,Serbia andMontenegro,e-mail: brckg@eunet.yu,?ca@kg.ac.yu 1 2 N.Filipovi′c,M.Koji′c Key words: Computer simulation, carotid artery, blood ?ow, masstransport,FE,surgicalplans 1 Introduction Afterheartdiseaseandcancer, thethirdmostcommoncauseofdeath is stroke. Probably the most frequent stroke is of the embolic type with a heart disease as the source. The carotid bifurc