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Cultural Identity In Post-Modern Society Reflections on What is a Hmong.doc

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Cultural Identity In Post-Modern Society Reflections on What is a Hmong

Cultural Identity In Post-Modern Society: Reflections ... Page 1 of 14 nnn Cultural Identity In Post-Modern Society: Reflections on What is a Hmong? (From: Hmong Studies Journal, Vol.1, No.1, Fall 1996) |THE COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION| |WHAT MAKES A HMONG HMONG?| |CONCLUSION| |REFERENCES| Keynote address given at the 2nd International Symposium on Hmong People, 26-30 August 1995, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. Assistance with typing this paper from my daughters, Melinda and Sheree Lee, and with travel expenses from the Hmong Australia Society (N.S.W.) is much appreciated. There is no easy answer to the question of what constitutes the cultural identity of a person or human group. When is someone a Hmong and what are the characteristics of such a person? How is this personal identity moulded into a shared image at the group level? Some may say that there is such a thing as a true Hmong, but many others will argue that there is no such a person today when many Hmong have been assimilated into the local cultures and languages of the majority societies in which they now live in China, Southeast Asia or in the West. To grapple with this issue, I will take a dialectic approach which will attempt to arrive at what is considered true by eliminating differences and by synthesising common grounds or potential similarities. I will begin by looking at different concepts from a collective perspective, followed by a similar examination at the personal level focusing on what I regard as being the major characteristics of the Hmong as individuals and as a people. I will then draw my conclusion in the light of the Hmongs diaspora and the globalisation of their contacts today. THE COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION The concern to present a proper group image to themselves and to the world at large, as well as the aspiration to live up to this image seem to be persistent themes among the Hmong, wherever they live. To understand this group image, to know what makes the Hmong Hm