Dating of streamwater using tritium in a post-bomb world continuous variation of mean transit time with streamflow.docVIP

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Dating of streamwater using tritium in a post-bomb world continuous variation of mean transit time with streamflow.doc

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Dating of streamwater using tritium in a post-bomb world continuous variation of mean transit time with streamflow

Hydrol.EarthSyst.Sci.Discuss.,7,4731–4760,2010 /7/4731/2010/ doi:10.5194/hessd-7-4731-2010 Hydrology and Earth System Sciences HESSD 7,4731–4760,2010 Discussions ?Author(s)2010.CCAttribution3.0License. Datingof streamwaterusing tritiumina Thisdiscussionpaperis/hasbeenunderreviewforthejournalHydrologyandEarth SystemSciences(HESS).Pleaserefertothecorresponding?nalpaperinHESS ifavailable. post-bombworld U.Morgensternetal. Datingofstreamwaterusingtritiumina post-bombworld:continuousvariationof meantransittimewithstream?ow TitlePage Abstract Conclusions Tables Introduction References Figures U.Morgenstern ,M.K.Stewart ,andR.Stenger3 1 2 1 GNSScience,P.O.Box30368,LowerHutt5040,NewZealand AquiferDynamicsGNSScience,P.O.Box30368,LowerHutt5040,NewZealand 2 J J I I 3LincolnVenturesLtd(LVL),PrivateBag3062,Hamilton3214,NewZealand Received:25June2010–Accepted:2July2010 –Published:20July2010 Correspondenceto:U.Morgenstern(u.morgenstern@gns.cri.nz) Back Close PublishedbyCopernicusPublicationsonbehalfoftheEuropeanGeosciencesUnion. FullScreen/Esc Printer-friendlyVersion InteractiveDiscussion 4731 Abstract HESSD TritiummeasurementsofstreamwaterdrainingtheToenepicatchment, asmalldairy farmingareainWaikato,NewZealand,haveshownthatthemeantransittimeofthe water varies with the ?ow of the stream. Mean transit times through the catchment are2–5yearsduringhighbase?owconditions(inwinter),becomingolderasstream- ?ow decreases (in summer), and then quite dramatically older during drought con- ditions, with ages of more than 100 years. Older water seems to be gained in the lowerreachesofthestream,comparedtoyoungerwaterintheheadwatercatchment. Thegroundwaterstoresupplyingbase?owwasestimatedfromthemeantransittime 10 and average base?ow to be 15.4×10 m of water, about 1m water equivalent over the catchment and 2.3 times total annual stream?ow. Nitrate from recent intensi?ed land use is relatively high at normal stream?ow, but is low at times of low ?ow with old water. This re?ects bo