DISTINGUISHING SCHEMES AND TASKS IN CHILDREN’S DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLICATIVE REASONING (Distinción de esquemas y tareas en el desarrollo del razonamiento multiplicativo de los ni os).docVIP

DISTINGUISHING SCHEMES AND TASKS IN CHILDREN’S DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLICATIVE REASONING Ron Tzur, Heather L. Johnson, Evan McClintock, Rachael H. Kenney, Yan P. Xin, Luo Si, Jerry Woordward, Casey Hord, and Xianyan Jin We present a synthesis of findings from constructivist teaching experi- ments regarding six schemes children construct for reasoning multipli- catively and tasks to promote them. We provide a task-generating plat- form game, depictions of each scheme, and supporting tasks. Tasks must be distinguished from children’s thinking, and learning situations must be organized to (a) build on children’s available schemes, (b) promote the next scheme in the sequence, and (c) link to intended mathematical concepts. Keywords: Constructivism; Multiplicative reasoning; Scheme; Task Distinción de esquemas y tareas en el desarrollo del razonamiento multi- plicativo de los ni?os Presentamos una síntesis de hallazgos de experimentos de ense?anza constructivistas en relación con seis esquemas que los ni?os construyen para razonar multiplicativamente y tareas para promoverlos. Proveemos una plataforma de juego generadora de tareas, descripciones de cada esquema y tareas para apoyarlos. Las tareas deben distinguirse del pen- samiento de los ni?os, y las situaciones de aprendizaje deben organizar- se para que (a) se basen en los esquemas que los ni?os tienen disponi- bles, (b) promuevan el siguiente esquema en la secuencia y (c) se relacionen con los conceptos matemáticos pretendidos. Términos clave: Constructivismo; Esquema; Razonamiento multiplicativo; Tarea In this paper we propose a developmental framework that makes distinctions and links among schemes—conceptual structures and operations children construct and use for reasoning in multiplicative situations. We provide a set of tasks to promote construction of such schemes. Elaborating on Steffe et al.’s seminal Tzur, R., Johnson, H. L., McClintock, E., Kenne