Bee Products Prevent Agrichemical-Induced Oxidative Damage in Fish.docVIP

BeeProductsPreventAgrichemical-InducedOxidative DamageinFish Daiane Ferreira1, Helio Carlos Rocha2, Luiz Carlos Kreutz2, Vania Lucia Loro3, Alessandra Marqueze4, Gessi Koakoski1, Joa?o Gabriel Santos da Rosa1, Darlan Gusso1, Thiago Acosta Oliveira1, Murilo Sander de Abreu1, Leonardo Jose′ Gil Barcellos2* 1 Programa de Po′ s-Graduac?a?o em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2 Programa ?a? o em Bioqu?mica Programa de Po4 ′ s-Graduac?a? o em Avaliac?a?o de Impactos Ambientais, de Po′ s- Graduac?a?o em Bioexperimentac?a? o, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 3 Programa de Pos-Graduac ′ ′ Toxicolo′gica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Centro Universita′ rio La Salle (Unilasalle), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Abstract In southern South America and other parts of the world, aquaculture is an activity that complements agriculture. Small amounts of agrichemicals can reach aquaculture ponds, which results in numerous problems caused by oxidative stress in non-target organisms. Substances that can prevent or reverse agrichemical-induced oxidative damage may be used to combat these effects. This study includes four experiments. In each experiment, 96 mixed-sex, 6-month-oldRhamdiaquelen (118615 g) were distributed into eight experimental groups: a control group that was not exposed to contaminated water, three groups that were exposed to various concentrations of bee products, three groups that were exposed to various concentrations of bee products plus tebuconazole (TEB; Folicur 200 CETM) and a group that was exposed to 0.88 mg L21 of TEB alone (corresponding to 16.6% of the 96-h LC50). We show that waterborne bee products, including royal jelly (RJ), honey (H), bee pollen (BP) and propolis