英语被动语态讲解.ppt

“ ” “ ” 英语被动语态讲解 一、被动语态的构成形式 二、被动语态的各种句型 三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义 七、被动语态与系表结构的区别 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时　　例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时　　例A new cinema is being built here 一、被动语态的构成形式 4） was/were done 一般过去时　　I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 过去完成时　 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 过去进行时　　A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般将来时　　Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 一、被动语态的构成形式 8） should/would be done/ was\were going to be done/ was\were about to be done/was\were to be to done 过去将来时　　The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）　　The project will have been completed before July. 10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）　　He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 一、被动语态的构成形式 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。　 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。　His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 一、被动语态的构成形式 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。　　Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。　　Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 一、被动语态