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Application of Quantum Dots in Biological Imaging英文文献资料
HindawiPublishingCorporation
JournalofNanomaterials
Volume2011,ArticleID834139,13pages
doi:10.1155/2011/834139
ReviewArticle
ApplicationofQuantumDotsinBiologicalImaging
ShanJin,YanxiHu,ZhanjunGu,LeiLiu,andHai-ChenWu
KeyLaboratoryforBiomedicalE?ectsofNanomaterialsandNanosafety,InstituteofHighEnergyPhysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,
Beijing100049,China
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoLeiLiu,leiliu@
Received15May2011;Accepted2June2011
AcademicEditor:XingJ.Liang
Copyright?2011ShanJinetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,which
permitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Quantumdots(QDs)areagroupofsemiconductingnanomaterialswithuniqueopticalandelectronicproperties.Theyhave
distinctadvantagesovertraditional?uorescentorganicdyesinchemicalandbiologicalstudiesintermsoftunableemissionspectra,
signalbrightness,photostability,andsoforth.Currently,themajortypeofQDsistheheavymetal-containingII-IV,IV-VI,orIII-V
QDs.SiliconQDsandconjugatedpolymerdotshavealsobeendevelopedinordertolowerthepotentialtoxicityofthe?uorescent
probesforbiologicalapplications.AqueoussolubilityisthecommonproblemforalltypesofQDswhentheyareemployedinthe
biologicalresearches,suchasinvitroandinvivoimaging.Tocircumventthisproblem,ligandexchangeandpolymercoatingare
proventobee?ective,besidessynthesizingQDsinaqueoussolutionsdirectly.However,toxicityisanotherbigconcernespecially
forinvivostudies.Ligandprotectionandcore/shellstructurecanpartlysolvethisproblem.WiththerapiddevelopmentofQDs
research,newelementsandnewmorphologieshavebeenintroducedtothisareatofabricatemoresafeande?cientQDsfor
biologicalapplications.
1.Introduction
theirpracticaluseinbiologyandmedicine.Indeed,several
studieshavereportedthatsize,charge,coatingligands,and
oxidative, photolytic, and mechanical stability, each can
contributetothecytotoxicityofcadmium-containingQDs.
Another critical factor that determines the cytotoxicity of
QDsistheleakageo
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