Asymptotics of Some Classes of Higher-Order Difference Equations英文文献资料.docVIP

HindawiPublishingCorporation DiscreteDynamicsinNatureandSociety Volume2007,ArticleID56813,20pages doi:10.1155/2007/56813 ResearchArticle AsymptoticsofSomeClassesofHigher-Order DifferenceEquations StevoStevi′c Received9February2007;Accepted23April2007 Wepresentsomemethods for?ndingasymptotics ofsomeclassesofnonlinear higher- order di?erence equations. Among others, wecon?rm aconjecture posed byS.Stevi′c  m )p,n∈N0, n?qj 1 (2005). Monotonous solutions ofthe equation yn=A+(y / β y n?k j=1 j wherep,A∈(0,∞),k,m∈N,q , j∈{1,...,m},arenaturalnumberssuchthatq q2 j ···q ,β ∈(0,+∞),j∈{1,...,m},  m j=1 β =1,andy ,y ,...,y ∈(0,∞ ),where m ?s ?s+1 ?1 j j s=max{k,q },arefound.Anewinclusiontheoremisproved.Also,someopenproblems m andconjecturesareposed. Copyright?2007StevoStevi′c.Thisisanopenaccessarticledistributed undertheCre- ativeCommons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. 1.Introduction Recently,therehasbeen agreat interest instudying properties ofrational andnonlin- eardi?erenceequations(c.f.[1–40]andthereferencestherein).Thoseequations which modelsomereal-lifesituationsinpopulationbiologyandecologyareofaparticular in- terest. Thispaper,whichhassomeelementsofasurvey,presentssomemethodsfor?nding asymptotics ofsomeclassesofnonlinear higher-order di?erenceequations andapplies theminsolvingseveralproblems. Somebasicsonasymptotics for?rst-order di?erence equationscanbefoundintheclassicalbook[18,Chapter5](westronglyencouragethe readertoreadthechapter).Ifweareableto?ndasymptotics ofasolution(orfamilyof solutions) ofadi?erenceequation, weareinagoodposition todetermine someother propertiesofthesolution,forexample,monotonicity,nontriviality,andsoforth. Thepaper isorganized asfollows. InSection2,wequoteaninclusion theorem due to Berg (Theorem2.1) and give an application of the result (Example2.2). Section3 isdevoted to?nding anasympto