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Biomarkers of the Dementia英文文献资料.doc

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Biomarkers of the Dementia英文文献资料

SAGE-HindawiAccesstoResearch InternationalJournalofAlzheimer’sDisease Volume2011,ArticleID564321,7pages doi:10.4061/2011/564321 ReviewArticle BiomarkersoftheDementia MikioShoji DepartmentofNeurology,HirosakiUniversityGraduateSchoolofMedicine,5Zaifucho,Hirosaki,Aomori036-8216,Japan CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoMikioShoji,mshoji@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp Received20January2011;Accepted30March2011 AcademicEditor:KatsuyaUrakami Copyright?2011MikioShoji.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,which permitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Recentadvancesinbiomarkerstudiesondementiaaresummarizedhere.CSFAβ40,Aβ42,totaltau,andphosphorylatedtau arethemostsensitivebiomarkersfordiagnosisofAlzheimer’sdisease(AD)andpredictionofonsetofADfrommildcognitive impairment(MCI).Basedonthisprogress,newdiagnosticcriteriaforAD,MCI,andpreclinicalADwereproposedbyNational InstituteofAging(NIA)andAlzheimer’sAssociationinAugust2010.Inthesenewcriteria,progressinbiomarkeridenti?cation andamyloidimagingstudiesinthepast10yearshaveaddedcriticalinformation.Hugecontributionsofbasicandclinicalstudies haveestablishedclinicalevidencesupportingthesemarkers.Basedonthisprogress,essentialtherapyforcureofADisurgently expected. 1.Introduction 2.CerebrospinalFluidAβ40,Aβ42,Tau,and PhosphorylatedTau Thenumberofpatientswithdementiahavebeenincreasing exponentiallywiththeagingofsocietyinadvancedcountries andAsiancountries.About24,300,000peopleareexpected tohavedementiaworldwide,andtherearealreadymorethan 2,000,000peoplewithdementiainJapan.Ahalfofdementia were caused by Alzheimerdisease (AD).The development ofADresearchhasclari?edthatthepathogenesisofADis initiated byAβ amyloidosis withsecondary tauopathyand providedastrategyforinvestigatingdrugsthatmayimprove or cure AD. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as a prod- romalstageofADandthepathogenesisofDementiawith Lewybodies(DLB)andFrontotemporallobardegeneration (FTLD)asano