Breast Cancer Chemoprevention Old and New Approaches英文文献资料.docVIP

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Breast Cancer Chemoprevention Old and New Approaches英文文献资料.doc

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Breast Cancer Chemoprevention Old and New Approaches英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation JournalofBiomedicineandBiotechnology Volume2012,ArticleID985620,15pages doi:10.1155/2012/985620 ReviewArticle BreastCancerChemoprevention:OldandNewApproaches MassimilianoCazzanigaandBernardoBonanni DivisionofCancerPreventionandGenetics,EuropeanInstituteofOncology,20141Milan,Italy CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoMassimilianoCazzaniga,massimiliano.cazzaniga@ieo.it Received11April2012;Accepted10May2012 AcademicEditor:SuS.Chen Copyright?2012M.CazzanigaandB.Bonanni. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis properlycited. In1976,Spornhasde?nedchemopreventionas“theuseofpharmacologicornaturalagentsthatinhibitthedevelopmentof invasivebreastcancereitherbyblockingtheDNAdamagethatinitiatescarcinogenesis,orbyarrestingorreversingtheprogression ofpremalignantcellsinwhichsuchdamagehasalreadyoccurred.”Althoughtheprecisemechanismormechanismsthatpromote abreastcancerarenotcompletelyestablished,thesuccessofseveralrecentclinicaltrialsinpreventivesettingsinselectedhigh- riskpopulationssuggeststhatchemopreventionisarationalandanappealingstrategy.Breastcancerchemopreventionhasfocused heavilyonendocrineinterventionusingselectiveestrogenreceptormodulators(SERMs)andaromataseinhibitors(AIs).Achieving muchsuccessinthisparticularsettingandnewapproachesaslow-doseadministrationareactuallyunderinvestigationsinseveral topics.Unfortunately,thesedrugsareactiveinpreventionofendocrineresponsivelesionsonlyandhavenoe?ectinreducing theriskofestrogen-negativebreastcancer.Thus,recentlynewpathways,biomarkers,andagentslikelyaretobee?ectiveinthis subgroupofcancersandwereputunderinvestigation.Moreover,theidenti?cationofnewpotentialmoleculartargetsandthe developmentofagentsaimedatthesetargetswithincancerhavealreadyhadasigni?cantimpactonadvancedcancertherapy and provide a wealth of opportunities for chemoprevention. This paper will highligh