中醫診斷學概要.pdf

Brief Introduction for TCM Diagnostics 中醫診斷學概要 Introduction: TCM Diagnostics includes two major parts: • Four Inspection Methods:  Version Inspection;  Auscultation and Olfaction;  Inquiry;  Palpation • Syndrome Differentiation:  Eight Essential Catalog Syndrome Differentiations  Syndrome Differentiations for QI, Blood and Body Fluid Status  Six-Channel Syndrome Differentiations  “Zhu-Fu” Syndrome Differentiations 1. Essential Principles of TCM Diagnostics • Integration inspections: According to TCM principles, diagnostics should be made by integrating different parts of human body and considering the potential efforts of environmental factors to disease conditions. • Combination of four inspection methods: By using four inspection methods including version Inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry and palpation, we can collect sufficient information for making TCM diagnosis. • Combination of Disease Diagnostics and Syndrome Differentiations: TCM diagnostics are generally composed with two aspects: Disease Diagnostics and Syndrome Differentiation 中醫診斷學的主要內容 1.診法：主要包括望、聞、問、切四種診法。  望诊 ：是察看病人的神、色、形、態、舌象以及排出物等，發現異常表現，以瞭解 病情。  聞诊 ：是通過聽病人的語言、呼吸等聲音及嗅病人發出的異常氣味，以辨別病情。  問诊：是詢問病人有關疾病的情況，病人的自覺症狀，從而瞭解病者的各種病態感 覺和疾病的發生發展、診療等情況。  切診：是醫生用手指觸摸切按病人的脈搏及胸腹手足等部位，以瞭解脈象和體表局 部的變化。 2 ．診病：即辨病，是對疾病的病種作出判斷，得出 病名的診斷。 3.辨證： 證：證候是疾病某一階段本質的反映，它以一組 相關症狀反映該階段的主要病變，在一定程度上 揭示病因、病機、病位、病性、病勢，為治療提 供依據。 辨證：在四診所提供臨床資料的基礎上，以中醫 理論為指導，把病人體質、疾病該階段特點及相 關因素等加以綜合考慮，通過理性思維，明確證 候的認識過程。 Chapter 1. Version Inspection • Inspection of Shen (Vitality) • Inspection of Complexion • Inspection of Configuration, Constitution and Gesture • Inspection of External Parts of Whole Body • Inspection of Tongue 全身望診 Holistic Inspection 內容：精神、面色、形體、姿態 意義：