Cell Lineage of the Ilyanassa Embryo Evolutionary Acceleration of Regional Differentiation during Early Development 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Cell Lineage of the Ilyanassa Embryo Evolutionary Acceleration of Regional Differentiation during Early Development 英文参考文献.doc

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Cell Lineage of the Ilyanassa Embryo Evolutionary Acceleration of Regional Differentiation during Early Development 英文参考文献

CellLineageoftheIlyanassaEmbryo:Evolutionary AccelerationofRegionalDifferentiationduringEarly Development MorganQ.Goulding¤* SectionofIntegrativeBiology,UniversityofTexas,Austin,Texas,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Celllineagestudiesinmolluskembryoshavedocumentednumerousvariationsonthelophotrochozoanthemeofspiral cleavage.IntheexperimentallytractableembryoofthemudsnailIlyanassa,celllineagehaspreviouslybeendescribedonly uptothe29-cellstage.HereIprovideachronologyofcelldivisionsinIlyanassatothestageof84cells(about16hoursafter firstcleavageat23uC),andshowspatialarrangementsofidentifiednucleiatstagesrangingfrom27to84cells.Duringthis periodthespiralcleavagepatterngiveswaytoabilaterallysymmetric,dorsoventrallypolarizedpatternofmitotictiming andgeometry.Atthesametime,themesentoblastcell4drapidlyproliferatestoformtwelvecellslyingdeeptothedorsal ectoderm. The onset of epiboly coincides with a period of mitotic quiescence throughout the ectoderm. As in other gastropodembryos,cellcyclelengthsvarywidelyandpredictablyaccordingtocellidentity,andmanyofthelongestcell cycles occur in small daughters of highly asymmetric divisions. While Ilyanassa shares many features of embryonic cell lineagewithtwoothercaenogastropodgenera,CrepidulaandBithynia,itisdistinguishedbyageneraltendencytoward earlierandmorepronounceddiversificationofcelldivisionpatternalongaxesoflaterdifferentialgrowth. Citation: Goulding MQ (2009) Cell Lineage of the Ilyanassa Embryo: Evolutionary Acceleration of Regional Differentiation during Early Development. PLoS ONE4(5):e5506.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005506 Editor:PatrickCallaerts,KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven,Belgium ReceivedOctober29,2008;AcceptedMarch6,2009;PublishedMay11,2009 Copyright:?2009Goulding.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricted use,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:ThisworkwasfundedinpartbytheNationalScienceFoundatio