Do Scientific Advancements Lean on the Shoulders of Giants A Bibliometric Investigation of the Ortega Hypothesis 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Do Scientific Advancements Lean on the Shoulders of Giants A Bibliometric Investigation of the Ortega Hypothesis 英文参考文献.doc

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Do Scientific Advancements Lean on the Shoulders of Giants A Bibliometric Investigation of the Ortega Hypothesis 英文参考文献

DoScientificAdvancementsLeanontheShouldersof Giants?ABibliometricInvestigationoftheOrtega Hypothesis LutzBornmann1*,Fe′lixdeMoyaAnego′n2,LoetLeydesdorff3 1OfficeofResearchAnalysisandForesight,MaxPlanckSociety,Munich,Germany,2CSIC/CCHS/IPP,SCImagoGroup(Spain),CommunicationandInformationScience Faculty,UniversityofGranada,Granada,Spain,3AmsterdamSchoolofCommunicationResearch(ASCoR),UniversityofAmsterdam,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands Abstract Background:IncontrasttoNewton’swell-knownaphorismthathehadbeenable‘‘toseefurtheronlybystandingonthe shoulders of giants,’’ one attributes to the Spanish philosopher Ortega y Gasset the hypothesis saying that top-level researchcannotbesuccessfulwithoutamassofmediumresearchersonwhichthetoprestscomparabletoaniceberg. Methodology/Principal Findings: The Ortega hypothesis predicts that highly-cited papers and medium-cited (or lowly- cited)paperswouldequallyrefertopaperswithamediumimpact.TheNewtonhypothesiswouldbesupportedifthetop- levelresearchmorefrequentlycitespreviouslyhighly-citedworkthanthatmedium-levelresearchciteshighly-citedwork. Ouranalysisis based on(i)allarticles andproceedings papers whichwerepublished in2003 inthelifesciences, health sciences, physical sciences, and social sciences, and(ii) all articles andproceeding papers which werecited within these publications. The results show that highly-cited work in all scientific fields more frequently cites previously highly-cited papersthanthatmedium-citedworkciteshighly-citedwork. Conclusions/Significance: We demonstrate that papers contributing to the scientific progress in a field lean to a larger extentonpreviouslyimportantcontributionsthanpaperscontributinglittle.ThesefindingssupporttheNewtonhypothesis andcallintoquestiontheOrtegahypothesis(givenourusageofcitationcountsasaproxyforimpact). Citation:BornmannL,deMoyaAnego′nF,LeydesdorffL(2010)DoScientificAdvancementsLeanontheShouldersofGiants?ABibliometricInvestigationofthe OrtegaHypothesis.PLoSONE5(10):e13327.doi:10.1371/jo