Effect of the California Tobacco Control Program on Personal Health Care Expenditures 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Effect of the California Tobacco Control Program on Personal Health Care Expenditures 英文参考文献.doc

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Effect of the California Tobacco Control Program on Personal Health Care Expenditures 英文参考文献

o PL SMEDICINE EffectoftheCaliforniaTobaccoControlProgram onPersonalHealthCareExpenditures James M.Lightwood1,2,Alexis Dinno1,Stanton A.Glantz1,3* 1 Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 School of Pharmacy, University ofCalifornia SanFrancisco,San Francisco, California, UnitedStates ofAmerica, 3PhilipR. LeeInstitute forHealth Policy Studies andDepartment ofMedicine (Cardiology),UniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,SanFrancisco,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Funding:Thisworkwassupported inpartbyNationalCancerInstitute (grantsCA-61021andCA-113710). Thefundershadnoroleinstudy design,datacollectionandanalysis, decisiontopublish,orpreparation ofthemanuscript. ABSTRACT Background Largestatetobaccocontrolprogramshavebeenshowntoreducesmokingandwouldbe expectedtoaffecthealthcarecosts.WeinvestigatetheeffectofCalifornia’slarge-scaletobacco controlprogramonaggregatepersonalhealthcareexpendituresinthestate. CompetingInterests:Theauthors havedeclaredthatnocompeting interestsexist. MethodsandFindings AcademicEditor:KelleyLee, LondonSchoolofHygiene TropicalMedicine,UnitedKingdom Cointegrating regressions were used to predict (1) the difference in per capita cigarette consumption between California and 38 control states as a function of the difference in cumulativeexpendituresoftheCaliforniaandcontrolstatetobaccocontrolprograms,and(2) the relationship between the difference in cigarette consumption and the difference in per capitapersonalhealthexpendituresbetweenthecontrolstatesandCaliforniabetween1980 and2004.Between1989(whenitstarted)and2004,theCaliforniaprogramwasassociatedwith $86 billion (2004 US dollars) (95% confidence interval [CI] $28 billion to $151 billion) lower healthcareexpendituresthanwouldhavebeenexpectedwithouttheprogram.Thisreduction grewovertime,reaching7.3%(95%CI2.7%–12.1%)oftotalhealthcareexpendituresin2004. Citation:LightwoodJM,DinnoA, GlantzSA(2008)E