Emergence and Modular Evolution of a Novel Motility Machinery in Bacteria 英文参考文献.docVIP

EmergenceandModularEvolutionofaNovelMotility MachineryinBacteria JenniferLuciano1,2.,RymAgrebi1,2.,AnneVale′rieLeGall1,2,MorganeWartel1,2,FrancescaFiegna1,2 , AdrienDucret1,2,Ce′lineBrochier-Armanet1,2*,Ta?mMignot1,2 * 1InstitutdeMicrobiologiedelaMe′diterrane′e(IFR88)–LaboratoiredeChimieBacte′rienne,CNRSUPR9043,Marseille,France,2Aix-MarseilleUniversity,Marseille,France Abstract Bacteriaglideacrosssolidsurfacesbymechanismsthathaveremainedlargelymysteriousdespitedecadesofresearch.In thedeltaproteobacteriumMyxococcusxanthus,thislocomotionallowstheformationstress-resistantfruitingbodieswhere sporulation takes place. However, despite the large number of genes identified as important for gliding, no specific machinery has been identified so far, hampering in-depth investigations. Based on the premise that components of the gliding machinery must have co-evolved and encode both envelope-spanning proteins and a molecular motor, we re- annotatedknownglidingmotilitygenesandexaminedtheirtaxonomicdistribution,genomiclocalization,andphylogeny. We successfully delineated three functionally related genetic clusters, which we proved experimentally carry genes encodingthebasalglidingmachineryinM.xanthus,usinggeneticandlocalizationtechniques.Forthefirsttime,thisstudy identifies structural gliding motility genes in the Myxobacteria and opens new perspectives to study the motility mechanism.Furthermore,phylogenomicsprovideinsightintohowthismachineryemergedfromanancestralconserved core of genes of unknown function that evolved to gliding by the recruitment of functional modules in Myxococcales. Surprisingly, this motility machinery appears to be highly related to a sporulation system, underscoring unsuspected commonmechanismsintheseapparentlydistinctmorphogenicphenomena. Citation: LucianoJ,AgrebiR,LeGallAV,WartelM,FiegnaF,etal.(2011)EmergenceandModularEvolution ofaNovelMotilityMachineryinBacteria. PLoS Genet7(9):e1002268.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002268 Editor:JosepCasades