Emotional Voice and Emotional Body Postures Influence Each Other Independently of Visual Awareness 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Emotional Voice and Emotional Body Postures Influence Each Other Independently of Visual Awareness 英文参考文献.doc

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Emotional Voice and Emotional Body Postures Influence Each Other Independently of Visual Awareness 英文参考文献

EmotionalVoiceandEmotionalBodyPosturesInfluence EachOtherIndependentlyofVisualAwareness BernardM.C.Stienen1,AkihiroTanaka2,BeatricedeGelder1,3* 1Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 2Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Tokyo, Japan, 3Martinos CenterforBiomedicalImaging,MassachusettsGeneralHospitalandHarvardMedicalSchool,Charlestown,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Multisensory integration may occur independently of visual attention as previously shown with compound face-voice stimuli. We investigated in two experiments whether the perception of whole body expressions and the perception of voices influence each other when observers are not aware of seeing the bodily expression. In the first experiment participantscategorizedmaskedhappyandangrybodilyexpressionswhileignoringcongruentorincongruentemotional voices.Theonsetbetweentargetandmaskvariedfrom250to+133ms.Resultsshowthatthecongruencybetweenthe emotion in the voice and the bodily expressions influences audiovisual perception independently of the visibility of the stimuli.Inthesecondexperimentparticipantscategorizedtheemotionalvoicescombinedwithmaskedbodilyexpressions as fearful or happy. This experiment showed that bodily expressions presented outside visual awareness still influence prosodyperception.Ourexperimentsshowthataudiovisualintegrationbetweenbodilyexpressionsandaffectiveprosody cantakeplaceoutsideandindependentofvisualawareness. Citation:StienenBMC,TanakaA,deGelderB(2011)EmotionalVoiceandEmotionalBodyPosturesInfluenceEachOtherIndependentlyofVisualAwareness.PLoS ONE6(10):e25517.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025517 Editor:NicholasP.Holmes,UniversityofReading,UnitedKingdom ReceivedMarch31,2011;AcceptedSeptember6,2011;PublishedOctober7,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Stienen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninany