Enhanced Leishmania braziliensis Infection Following Pre-Exposure to Sandfly Saliva 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Enhanced Leishmania braziliensis Infection Following Pre-Exposure to Sandfly Saliva 英文参考文献.doc

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Enhanced Leishmania braziliensis Infection Following Pre-Exposure to Sandfly Saliva 英文参考文献

EnhancedLeishmaniabraziliensisInfectionFollowing Pre-ExposuretoSandflySaliva TatianaR.deMoura1,FabianoOliveira1,2,FernandaO.Novais1,Jose′ CarlosMiranda1,JorgeClare?ncio1, IvoniseFollador3,EdgarM.Carvalho3,JesusG.Valenzuela2,ManoelBarral-Netto1,3,4,AldinaBarral1,3,4 , Cla′udiaBrodskyn1,3,4,CamilaI.deOliveira1* 1CentrodePesquisasGonc?alo Moniz,Fundac?a?o OswaldoCruz(FIOCRUZ),Salvador,Brazil,2VectorMolecularBiologyUnit,NationalInstituteofAllergyandInfectious Diseases, National Institutes ofHealth, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America, 3Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, 4Instituto de Investigac?a?o em Imunologia,Salvador,Brazil Abstract Background:Sandflysalivahasanarrayofpharmacologicalandimmunomodulatorycomponents,andimmunitytosaliva protects against Leishmania infection. In the present study, we have studied the immune response against Lutzomyia intermediasaliva,themainvectorofLeishmaniabraziliensisinBrazil,andtheeffectsofsalivapre-exposureonL.braziliensis infectionemployinganintradermalexperimentalmodel. Methodology/principal findings: BALB/c mice immunized with L. intermedia salivary gland sonicate (SGS) developed asaliva-specificantibodyresponseandacellularimmuneresponsewithpresenceofbothIFN-candIL-4.Theinflammatory infiltrate observed in SGS-immunized mice was comprised of numerous polymorphonuclear and few mononuclear cells. Mice challenged with live L. braziliensis in the presence of saliva were not protected although lesion development was delayed.TheinoculationsiteanddraininglymphnodeshowedcontinuousparasitereplicationandlowIFN-ctoIL-4ratio, indicating that pre-exposure to L. intermedia saliva leads to modulation of the immune response. Furthermore, in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis, patients with active lesions displayed higher levels of anti-L. intermedia saliva antibodieswhencomparedtoindividualswithapositiveskintestresultforLeishmania. Conclusion:Theseresultsshowthatpre-exposuretosandflysalivaplaysanimportantr