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Emergence of Structural Patterns in Neutral Trophic Networks 英文参考文献.docVIP

Emergence of Structural Patterns in Neutral Trophic Networks 英文参考文献.doc

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Emergence of Structural Patterns in Neutral Trophic Networks 英文参考文献

EmergenceofStructuralPatternsinNeutralTrophic Networks ElsaCanard1,2*,NicolasMouquet1,LucileMarescot3,KevinJ.Gaston4,DominiqueGravel5, DavidMouillot2 1InstitutdesSciencesdel’Evolution,Universite′ Montpellier2,Montpellier,France,2Ecologiedessyste`mesmarinsco?tiers,Universite′ Montpellier2,Montpellier,France, 3Centred’EcologieFonctionnelleetEvolutive,CentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique,Montpellier,France,4EnvironmentandSustainabilityInstitute,Universityof Exeter,Penryn,Cornwall,UnitedKingdom,5De′partement debiologiechimieetge′ographie, Universite′ duQue′beca` Rimouski,Rimouski,Que′bec,Canada Abstract Interactionnetworksarecentralelementsofecologicalsystemsandhaveverycomplexstructures.Historically,mucheffort hasfocusedonniche-mediatedprocessestoexplainthesestructures,whileanemergingconsensuspositsthatbothniche andneutralmechanismssimultaneouslyshapemanyfeaturesofecologicalcommunities.However,thestudyofinteraction networks still lacks a comprehensive neutral theory. Here we present a neutral model of predator-prey interactions and analyze the structural characteristics of the simulated networks. We find that connectance values (complexity) and complexity-diversity relationships of neutral networks are close to those observed in empirical bipartite networks. High nestednessandlowmodularityvaluesobservedinneutralnetworksfallintherangeofthosefromempiricalantagonist bipartite networks. Our results suggest that, as an alternative to niche-mediated processes that induce incompatibility between species (‘‘niche forbidden links’’), neutral processes create ‘‘neutral forbidden links’’ due to uneven species abundancedistributionsandthelowprobabilityofinteractionbetweenrarespecies.Neutraltrophicnetworksmustbeseen asthemissingendpointofacontinuumfromnichetopurelystochasticapproachesofcommunityorganization. Citation: Canard E,Mouquet N, Marescot L, Gaston KJ, Gravel D,et al.(2012) Emergence of Structural Patterns in Neutral Trophic Networks. PLoS ONE 7(8): e38295.d

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