Evidence of Melanoma in Wild Marine Fish Populations 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence of Melanoma in Wild Marine Fish Populations 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence of Melanoma in Wild Marine Fish Populations 英文参考文献

EvidenceofMelanomainWildMarineFishPopulations MichaelSweet1*,NigelKirkham2,MarkBendall1,LeanneCurrey3,JohnBythell1,4,MichelleHeupel5,6 1CoralHealthandDiseaseLaboratory,SchoolofBiology,NewcastleInstituteforResearchonSustainability,NewcastleUniversity,NewcastleuponTyne,UnitedKingdom, 2Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 3AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, School of Earth and EnvironmentalSciences,FishingandFisheriesResearchCentre,JamesCookUniversity,Townsville,Australia,4ResearchOffice,UniversityoftheSouthPacific,Suva,Fiji, 5AustralianInstituteofMarineScience,Townsville,Australia,6FishingandFisheriesResearchCentre,SchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalSciences,JamesCookUniversity, Townsville,Australia Abstract Theincrease in reportsofnovel diseasesin awiderangeofecosystems,both terrestrial andmarine,hasbeenlinked to many factors including exposure to novel pathogens and changes in the global climate. Prevalence of skin cancer in particular has been found to be increasing in humans, but has not been reported in wild fish before. Here we report extensivemelanosisandmelanoma(skincancer)inwildpopulationsofaniconic,commercially-importantmarinefish,the coraltroutPlectropomusleopardus.Thesyndromereportedherehasstrongsimilaritiestopreviousstudiesassociatedwith UVinducedmelanomasinthewell-establishedlaboratoryfishmodelXiphophorus.Relativelyhighprevalenceratesofthis syndrome (15%) were recorded at two offshore sites in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP). In the absence of microbialpathogensandgiventhestrongsimilaritiestotheUV-inducedmelanomas,weconcludethatthelikelycausewas environmental exposure to UV radiation. Further studies are needed to establish the large scale distribution of the syndromeandconfirmthatthelesionsreportedherearethesameasthemelanomainXiphophorus,byassessingmutation oftheEGFRgene,Xmrk.Furthermore,researchonthepotentiallinksofthissyndrometoincreasesinUVradiationfrom stratosphericozonedepleti