Evaluation of EMLA Cream for Preventing Pain during Tattooing of Rabbits Changes in Physiological, Behavioural and Facial Expression Responses 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evaluation of EMLA Cream for Preventing Pain during Tattooing of Rabbits Changes in Physiological, Behavioural and Facial Expression Responses 英文参考文献.doc

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Evaluation of EMLA Cream for Preventing Pain during Tattooing of Rabbits Changes in Physiological, Behavioural and Facial Expression Responses 英文参考文献

EvaluationofEMLACreamforPreventingPainduring TattooingofRabbits:ChangesinPhysiological, BehaviouralandFacialExpressionResponses StephanieC.J.Keating1,AurelieA.Thomas2,PaulA.Flecknell2,MatthewC.Leach2* 1DepartmentofClinicalStudies,OntarioVeterinaryCollege,UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,Ontario,Canada,2InstituteofNeuroscienceandComparativeBiologyCentre, NewcastleUniversity,NewcastleuponTyne,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background: Ear tattooing is a routine procedure performed on laboratory, commercial and companion rabbits for the purpose of identification. Although this procedure is potentially painful, itis usually performed without the provision of analgesia,socompromisinganimalwelfare.Furthermore,currentmeanstoassesspaininrabbitsarepoorandmorereliable methodsarerequired.Theobjectivesofthisstudyweretoassessthephysiologicalandbehaviouraleffectsofeartattooing on rabbits, evaluate the analgesic efficacy of topical local anaesthetic cream application prior to this procedure, and to developascaletoassesspaininrabbitsbasedonchangesinfacialexpression. Methodology/Principal Findings: In a crossover study, eight New Zealand White rabbits each underwent four different treatments of actual or sham ear tattooing, with and without prior application of a topical local anaesthetic (lidocaine/ prilocaine).Changesinimmediatebehaviour,heartrate,arterialbloodpressure,serumcorticosteroneconcentrations,facial expressionandhomepenbehaviourswereassessed.ChangesinfacialexpressionwereexaminedtodeveloptheRabbit Grimace Scale in order to assess acute pain. Tattooing without EMLA cream resulted in significantly greater struggling behaviourandvocalisation,greaterfacialexpressionscoresofpain,higherpeakheartrate,aswellashighersystolicand meanarterialbloodpressurecomparedtoallothertreatments.Physiologicalandbehaviouralchangesfollowingtattooing withEMLAcreamweresimilartothoseinanimalsreceivingshamtattooswithorwithoutEMLAcream.Behaviouralchanges 1hourpost-treatmentwereminimalwithnopainbehavioursidentifiabl