Evidence of Late-Summer Mating Readiness and Early Sexual Maturation in Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Found Dead at Wind Turbines 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence of Late-Summer Mating Readiness and Early Sexual Maturation in Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Found Dead at Wind Turbines 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence of Late-Summer Mating Readiness and Early Sexual Maturation in Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Found Dead at Wind Turbines 英文参考文献

EvidenceofLate-SummerMatingReadinessandEarly SexualMaturationinMigratoryTree-RoostingBats FoundDeadatWindTurbines PaulM.Cryan1*,JoelW.Jameson2,ErinF.Baerwald3,CraigK.R.Willis2,RobertM.R.Barclay3 ,E. AppleSnider1,4,ElizabethG.Crichton5 1United States Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America, 2Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 4UnitedStatesForestService,SteamboatSprings,Colorado,UnitedStatesofAmerica,5UniversityofQueensland,Gatton,Queensland,Australia Abstract Understandinganimalmatingsystemsisanimportantcomponentoftheirconservation,yettheprecisematingtimesfor manyspeciesofbatsareunknown.Theaimofthisstudywastobetterunderstandthedetailsandtimingofreproductive eventsinspeciesofbatsthatdiemostfrequentlyatwindturbinesinNorthAmerica,becausesuchinformationcanhelp informconservationstrategies.Weexaminedthereproductiveanatomyofhoarybats(Lasiuruscinereus),easternredbats(L. borealis),andsilver-hairedbats(Lasionycterisnoctivagans)founddeadbeneathindustrial-scalewindturbinestolearnmore aboutwhentheymate.Weevaluated103L.cinereus,18L.borealis,and47Ln.noctivagansfromwindenergyfacilitiesinthe UnitedStatesandCanada.HistologicalanalysisrevealedthatmostmaleL.cinereusandL.borealis,aswellasoverhalftheLn. noctivagans examined had sperm in the caudae epididymides by late August, indicating readiness to mate. Testes regressioninmalehoarybatscoincidedwithenlargementofseminalvesiclesandapparentgrowthofkeratinizedspineson the glans penis. Seasonality of these processes also suggests that mating could occur during August in L. cinereus. SpermatozoawerefoundintheuterusofanadultfemalehoarybatcollectedinSeptember,butnotinanyotherfemales. Ovaries of all females sampled had growing secondary or tertiary follicles, indicating sexual maturity even in first-year females.Lasi