Evolution of Antiretroviral Drug Costs in Brazil in the Context of Free and Universal Access to AIDS Treatment 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evolution of Antiretroviral Drug Costs in Brazil in the Context of Free and Universal Access to AIDS Treatment 英文参考文献.doc

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Evolution of Antiretroviral Drug Costs in Brazil in the Context of Free and Universal Access to AIDS Treatment 英文参考文献

o PL SMEDICINE EvolutionofAntiretroviralDrugCostsinBrazil intheContextofFreeandUniversalAccess toAIDSTreatment Amy S.Nunn1*,Elize M. Fonseca2,3,Francisco I.Bastos2,Sofia Gruskin1,4,Joshua A.Salomon1,5 1 Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Department of Health Information,OswaldoCruzFoundation,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil,3DepartmentofHealthManagementandPolicy,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,Michigan,UnitedStatesof America, 4Program onInternationalHealth andHuman Rights, Harvard School ofPublicHealth, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 5Harvard University InitiativeforGlobalHealth,Cambridge,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica Funding:Thisstudywasfinancedby theUnitedStatesDepartmentsof EducationandState.Theviews expressedinthisarticledonot necessarilyreflecttheviewsofthe UnitedStatesgovernment.The researchofFBisfundedbythe OswaldoCruzFoundation’sSupport forStrategicResearchGrants#3and #4.JSreceivedresearchsupport fromtheNationalInstituteonAging andtheBillandMelindaGates Foundation.Thefundershadnorole instudydesign,datacollectionand analysis,decisiontopublish,or preparationofthemanuscript. ABSTRACT Background Littleisknownaboutthelong-termdrugcostsassociatedwithtreatingAIDSindevelopingcountries. Brazil’s AIDS treatment program has been cited widely as the developing world’s largest and most successful AIDS treatment program. The program guarantees free access to highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)forallpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSinneedoftreatment.Brazilproducesnon-patented genericantiretroviraldrugs(ARVs),procuresmanypatentedARVswithnegotiatedpricereductions,and recentlyissuedacompulsorylicensetoimportonepatentedARV.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatethedrivers ofrecentARVcosttrendsinBrazilthroughanalysisofdrug-specificpricesandexpendituresbetween2001 and2005. MethodsandFindings CompetingInterests:Seesectionat endofmanuscript. We compared Brazil’s ARV prices to those i