Failing the Future Three Unsuccessful Attempts to Replicate Bems ‘Retroactive Facilitation of Recall’ Effect 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Failing the Future Three Unsuccessful Attempts to Replicate Bems ‘Retroactive Facilitation of Recall’ Effect 英文参考文献.doc

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Failing the Future Three Unsuccessful Attempts to Replicate Bems ‘Retroactive Facilitation of Recall’ Effect 英文参考文献

FailingtheFuture:ThreeUnsuccessfulAttemptsto ReplicateBem’s‘RetroactiveFacilitationofRecall’Effect StuartJ.Ritchie1*,RichardWiseman2,ChristopherC.French3 1Psychology Department, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2School of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom, 3AnomalisticPsychologyResearchUnit,Goldsmiths,UniversityofLondon,London,UnitedKingdom Abstract Ninerecentlyreportedparapsychologicalexperimentsappeartosupporttheexistenceofprecognition.Wedescribethree pre-registeredindependentattemptstoexactlyreplicateoneoftheseexperiments,‘retroactivefacilitationofrecall’,which examineswhetherperformanceonamemorytestcanbeinfluencedbyapost-testexercise.Allthreereplicationattempts failedtoproducesignificanteffects(combinedn=150;combinedp=.83,one-tailed)andthusdonotsupporttheexistence ofpsychicability. Citation: Ritchie SJ, Wiseman R, French CC (2012) Failing the Future: Three Unsuccessful Attempts to Replicate Bem’s ‘Retroactive Facilitation of Recall’ Effect.PLoSONE7(3):e33423.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033423 Editor:SamGilbert,UniversityCollegeLondon,UnitedKingdom ReceivedDecember16,2011;AcceptedFebruary13,2012;PublishedMarch14,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Ritchie et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Noexternalfundingreceivedforthisstudy. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:stuartjritchie1@ Introduction participantsthenundertookpost-testpracticeexercises:First,the programrandomlyselectedhalfofthewordsfromtheoriginallist (referred to as ‘practice’ words) and presented them to the participants again. Second, participants sorted these selected words into categories, and typed them into on-screen boxes (Experiment 8 did not include the first of these exercises, which Bem suggested was the reason