Fear of Fishers Human Predation Explains Behavioral Changes in Coral Reef Fishes 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Fear of Fishers Human Predation Explains Behavioral Changes in Coral Reef Fishes 英文参考文献.doc

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Fear of Fishers Human Predation Explains Behavioral Changes in Coral Reef Fishes 英文参考文献

FearofFishers:HumanPredationExplainsBehavioral ChangesinCoralReefFishes FraserA.Januchowski-Hartley1*,NicholasA.J.Graham1,DavidA.Feary2,TauMorove3,JoshuaE. Cinner1 1Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, 2School of the Environment, UniversityofTechnology,Sydney,NewSouthWales,Australia,3WildlifeConservationSociety,PapuaNewGuineaMarineProgram,Kavieng,NewIrelandProvince,Papua NewGuinea Abstract Prey flight decisions in response to predation risk are increasingly being considered in conservation and management decisionsintheterrestrialrealm,butarerarelyconsideredinmarinesystems.Thisfield-basedstudyinvestigatedhowthe behavioralresponseofcoralreeffishfamiliesvariedalongagradientofsubsistencefishingpressureinPapuaNewGuinea. Specifically,weexaminedhowfishingpressurewasrelatedtopre-flightbehaviorandflightinitiationdistance(FID),and whether FID was influenced by body size (centimeters total length), group size (including both con- andhetero-specific individuals),orlife-historyphase.FishingpressurewaspositivelyassociatedwithhigherFID,butonlyinfamiliesthatwere primarily targeted by spear guns. Among these families, there were variable responses in FID; some families showed increasedFIDmonotonicallywithfishingpressure,whileothersshowedincreasedFIDonlyatthehighestlevelsoffishing pressure.BodysizewasmoresignificantinvaryingFIDathigherlevelsoffishingpressure.Althoughfamily-leveldifferences inpre-flightbehaviorwerereported,suchbehaviorshowedlowconcordancewithfishingpressure.FIDshowspromiseasa toolbywhichcomplianceandeffectivenessofmanagementofreeffisheriescanbeassessed. Citation:Januchowski-HartleyFA,GrahamNAJ,FearyDA,MoroveT,CinnerJE(2011)FearofFishers:HumanPredationExplainsBehavioralChangesinCoralReef Fishes.PLoSONE6(8):e22761.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022761 Editor:JulianClifton,UniversityofWesternAustralia,Zimbabwe ReceivedMay10,2011;AcceptedJune28,2011;PublishedAugust10,2011 Copyright: