Gene Mutations in Lung Cancer Promising Predictive Factors for the Success of Molecular Therapy 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Gene Mutations in Lung Cancer Promising Predictive Factors for the Success of Molecular Therapy 英文参考文献.doc

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Gene Mutations in Lung Cancer Promising Predictive Factors for the Success of Molecular Therapy 英文参考文献

Open access, freely available online Perspectives Gene Mutations in Lung Cancer: Promising Predictive Factors for the Success of Molecular Therapy Akira Inoue*, Toshihiro Nukiwa L women, patients with adenocarcinoma, nonsmokers, and Japanese patients. Recent studies have now shed light on why certain patients are more likely to respond than others—the key lies in the presence of gene mutations. ung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in many countries. To date, overexpressed in non-small-cell were not correlated with the response; high response rates were seen in lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in squamous cell carcinoma, and its expression is related to the cancer’s proliferation. Initial clinical trials of ge?tinib showed its modest clinical activity in patients who had failed previous standard chemotherapy. But subsequent randomized trials in patients with previously untreated, advanced NSCLC have not shown a clinical advantage of ge?tinib combined with standard chemotherapy over chemotherapy alone [2,3,4,5]. Erlotinib, another EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor for treating NSCLC, which was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in November 2004, has a therapeutic pro?le similar to that of ge?tinib. Erlotinib has shown a survival bene?t in a phase III trial for chemo-refractory NSCLC that compared erlotinib to best supportive care [6]. (To date, there have been no trials showing a survival bene?t of EGFR inhibitors over standard chemotherapy.) Interestingly, in these trials of EGFR inhibitors, EGFR expression levels in the tumors chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents has been the mainstay of treatment for advanced lung cancer. However, the activity of these agents is quite limited, and they have severe adverse effects. Recent, rapid advances in molecular biology have led to the development of many new agents that inhibit the activities of speci?c molecules related to tumor growth, invasion, or metastasis [1], and these agents have the po