Genetic Screens for Mutations Affecting Development of Xenopus tropicalis 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Genetic Screens for Mutations Affecting Development of Xenopus tropicalis 英文参考文献.doc

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Genetic Screens for Mutations Affecting Development of Xenopus tropicalis 英文参考文献

GeneticScreensforMutationsAffecting DevelopmentofXenopustropicalis Tadahiro Goda1[,AnitaAbu-Daya1[,SamanthaCarruthers2[,MatthewD.Clark2,DerekL.Stemple2*,LyleB.Zimmerman1* 1DivisionofDevelopmentalBiology,NationalInstituteforMedicalResearch,TheRidgeway,MillHill,London,UnitedKingdom,2VertebrateDevelopmentandGenetics, WellcomeTrustSangerInstitute,WellcomeTrustGenomeCampus,Hinxton,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom We present here the results of forward and reverse genetic screens for chemically-induced mutations in Xenopus tropicalis.Inourforwardgeneticscreen,wehaveuncovered77candidatephenotypesindiverseorganogenesisand differentiation processes. Using a gynogenetic screen design, which minimizes time and husbandry space expenditures, we findthat if aphenotype is detectedin the gynogenetic F2ofagiven F1female twice, it ishighly likely to be a heritable abnormality (29/29 cases). We have also demonstrated the feasibility of reverse genetic approachesforobtainingcarriersofmutationsinspecificgenes,andhavedirectlydeterminedaninducedmutation rate by sequencing specific exons from a mutagenized population. The Xenopus system, with its well-understood embryology, fate map, and gain-of-function approaches, can now be coupled with efficient loss-of-function genetic strategiesforvertebratefunctionalgenomicsanddevelopmentalgenetics. Citation:GodaT,Abu-DayaA,CarruthersS,ClarkMD,StempleDL,etal.(2006)GeneticscreensformutationsaffectingdevelopmentofXenopustropicalis.PLoSGenet2(6): e91.DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020091 genomesize(tenchromosomes,1.73109bp)approximately halfthatofX.laevis,andwhichreachessexualmaturityinas Introduction Genetic studies have arguably contributed more to our understanding of animal development than any other approach. Invertebrate genetic models have helped identify thetranscriptionalcontrolnetworksunderpinningthebasic animal body plan [1,2]; among vertebrates, the mouse has beenanespeciallypowerfultoolforgeneticstudiessincethe developmentofgenetargeting[3,4],bu