Necator americanus Infection A Possible Cause of Altered Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Eosinophil Profile in Chronically Infected Individuals 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Necator americanus Infection A Possible Cause of Altered Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Eosinophil Profile in Chronically Infected Individuals 英文参考文献.doc

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Necator americanus Infection A Possible Cause of Altered Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Eosinophil Profile in Chronically Infected Individuals 英文参考文献

NecatoramericanusInfection:APossibleCauseof AlteredDendriticCellDifferentiationandEosinophil ProfileinChronicallyInfectedIndividuals RicardoT.Fujiwara1,2,3,GuilhermeG.L.Canc?ado1,PaulaA.Freitas1,HeltonC.Santiago2,CristianoLara Massara4,OmardosSantosCarvalho4,RodrigoCorre?a-Oliveira1,StefanM.Geiger1,JeffreyBethony2* 1LaboratoryofCellularandMolecularImmunology,InstitutoRene′Rachou,OswaldoCruzFoundation,BeloHorizonte,MinasGerais,Brazil,2DepartmentofMicrobiology, ImmunologyandTropicalMedicine,TheGeorgeWashingtonUniversity,Washington,D.C.,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3DepartmentofParasitology,FederalUniversityof Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 4Laboratory of Helminthology and Medical Malacology, Instituto Rene′ Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte,MinasGerais,Brazil Abstract Background:Hookwormssurviveforseveralyears(5to7years)inthehostlumen,inducingarobustbutlargelyineffective immuneresponse.Amongthemoststrikingaspectsoftheimmuneresponsetohookworm(aswithmanyotherhelminths) istheablationofparasite-specificTcellproliferativeresponse(hyporesponsiveness).Whiletheroleoftheadaptiveimmune responseinhumanhelminthinfectionhasbeenwellinvestigated,theroleoftheinnateimmuneresponses(e.g.,dendritic cellsandeosinophils)hasreceivedlessattentionandremainstobeclearlyelucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings: We report on the differentiation/maturation of host dendritic cells in vitro and the eosinophilactivation/functionassociatedwithhumanhookworminfection. MatureDCs(mDCs)fromNecatoramericanus (Necator)–infected individuals showed an impaired differentiation process compared to the mDCs of non-infected individuals,asevidencedbythedifferentialexpressionofCD11candCD14.Thesesamehookworm-infectedindividualsalso presented significantly down-regulated expression of CD86, CD1a, HLA-ABC, and HLA-DR. The lower expression of co- stimulatory and antigen presentation molecules by hookworm-infected–derived mDCs was further evidenced by their reducedabilitytoinducecellpro