Number-Based Visual Generalisation in the Honeybee 英文参考文献.docVIP

Number-BasedVisualGeneralisationintheHoneybee HansJ.Gross1,MarioPahl2,3,AungSi3,HongZhu3,Ju¨rgenTautz2*,ShaowuZhang3* 1Chair of Biochemistry, Biocentre, University of Wu¨rzburg, Wu¨rzburg, Germany, 2BEEgroup, Biocentre, University of Wu¨rzburg, Wu¨rzburg, Germany, 3ARC Centre of ExcellenceinVisionScience,ResearchSchoolofBiologicalSciences,TheAustralianNationalUniversity,Canberra,Australia Abstract Althoughthenumericalabilitiesofmanyvertebratespecieshavebeeninvestigatedinthescientificliterature,therearefew convincingaccountsofinvertebratenumericalcompetence.Honeybees,Apismellifera,byvirtueoftheirotherimpressive cognitive feats, are a prime candidate for investigations of this nature. We therefore used the well-established delayed match-to-sampleparadigm,totestthelimitsofhoneybees’abilitytomatchtwovisualpatternssolelyonthebasisofthe sharednumberofelementsinthetwopatterns.Usingay-maze,wefoundthatbeescannotonlydifferentiatebetween patternscontainingtwoandthreeelements,butcanalsousethispriorknowledgetodifferentiatethreefromfour,without anyadditionaltraining.However,beestrainedonthetwoversusthreetaskcouldnotdistinguishbetweenhighernumbers, suchasfourversusfive,fourversussix,orfiveversussix.Controlexperimentsconfirmedthatthebeeswerenotusingcues suchasthecolouroftheexactconfigurationofthevisualelements,thecombinedareaoredgelengthoftheelements,or illusorycontoursformedbytheelements.Toourknowledge,thisisthefirstreportofnumber-basedvisualgeneralisationby aninvertebrate. Citation: Gross HJ, Pahl M, Si A, Zhu H, Tautz J, et al. (2009) Number-Based Visual Generalisation in the Honeybee. PLoS ONE 4(1): e4263. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0004263 Editor:HiromuTanimoto,Max-Planck-InstitutfuerNeurobiologie,Germany ReceivedSeptember18,2008;AcceptedDecember21,2008;PublishedJanuary28,2009 Copyright: ? 2009 Gross et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedi