Obese Children, Adults and Senior Citizens in the Eyes of the General Public Results of a Representative Study on Stigma and Causation of Obesity 英文参考文献.docVIP

ObeseChildren,AdultsandSeniorCitizensintheEyesof theGeneralPublic:ResultsofaRepresentativeStudyon StigmaandCausationofObesity ClaudiaSikorski1,2*,MelanieLuppa2,ElmarBra¨hler3,Hans-HelmutKo¨nig4,SteffiG.Riedel-Heller2 1Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, 2Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and PublicHealth,UniversityofLeipzig,Leipzig,Germany,3DepartmentofMedicalPsychologyandMedicalSociology,UniversityofLeipzig,Leipzig,Germany,4Department ofMedicalSociologyandHealthEconomics,Hamburg-EppendorfUniversityMedicalCenter,Hamburg,Germany Abstract Obeseindividualsareblamedfortheirexcessweightbased oncausalattribution totheindividual.Itis unclearwhether obeseindividualsofdifferentagegroupsandgenderarefacedwiththesameamountofstigmatization.Thisinformationis important in order to identify groups of individuals at risk for higher stigmatization and discrimination. A telephone interview was conducted in a representative sample of 3,003 participants. Experimental manipulation was realized by vignettesdescribingobeseandnormal-weightchildren,adultsandseniorcitizens.Stigmatizingattitudesweremeasuredby semanticdifferential.Causalattributionwasassessed.Internalfactorswereratedwithhighestagreementratesasacause for the vignette’s obesity. Lack of activity behavior and eating too much are the most supported causes. Importance of causesdifferedforthedifferentvignettes.Forthechild,externalcauseswereconsideredmoreimportant.Theoverweight vignettewasratedconsistentlymorenegatively.Highereducationalattainmentandpersonalobesitywereassociatedwith lowerstigmatizingattitudes.Thevignetteoftheobesechildwasratedmorenegativelycomparedtothatofanadultor senior citizen. Obesity is seen as a controllable condition, but for children external factors are seen as well. Despite this finding, they are faced with higher stigmatizing attitudes in the general public, contradicting attribution theory assumptions.Internal